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0
Q

What is the tx for mucor?

A

Amphotericin B

MOA: binds ergosterol and forms pores in the membrane

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1
Q

What is the treatment for blastomycosis?

A

Itraconazole
MOA: inhibit fungal sterol synthesis by inhibiting p450 enzyme (14-alpha-sterol demethylase) that converts lanosterol to ergosterol

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2
Q

What is used for tx of neonatal opioid withdrawal?

A

Tincture of opium

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3
Q

What is used for warfarin OD.?

A

Vit K

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4
Q

What is the treatment for acidosis or hyperkalemia?

A

Sodium bicarbonate

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5
Q

What is the treatment for cryptococcal meningitis?

A

Amphotericin b and flucytosine
MOA: binds to ergosterol and creates pores in the membrane
MOA: inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis by conversion of 5-fluorouracil by cytosine deaminase

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6
Q

What is the prophylactic tx and long term maintenance for cryptococcal meningitis?

A

Fluconazole

MOA: inhibit ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting p450

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7
Q

What is the tx for campylobacter?

A

Erythromycin

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8
Q

What is the treatment for agitation?

A

Haloperidol

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9
Q

What is the treatment for someone with drug-induced Parkinsonism?

A

A centrally acting antimuscarinic - benztropine or trihexyphenidyl

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10
Q

What is used to tx acetaminophen OD and how does it work?

A

N-acetyl cysteine - binds to the the toxic metabolite (NAPQI) of acetaminophen metabolism (by sulfation and glucoronidation). It also provides sulfhydryl groups to enhance the non-toxic sulfation elimination of acetaminophen.

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11
Q

What is the tx for iron poisoning?

A

Deferoxamine

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12
Q

What is the tx of aspirin OD?

A

Decrease GI absorption
Correct fluid and electrolyte imbalances
Alkalinization of urine to increase excretion

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13
Q

What is the tx of TCA OD.

A

Prevent arrythmias = MCC

Sodium bicarbonate

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14
Q

What is the tx for barb OD?

A

Decrease GI absorption
Correct fluid and electrolyte imbalances
Alkalinization of urine to increase excretion

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15
Q

What is the tx for severe asthma, sensitivity to perennial allergen and asthma with incomplete response to steroids?

A

Omalizumab - anti IgE

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16
Q

What is used in the tx of waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia and multiple myeloma?

A

Bortezomib - a proteasome inhibitor

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17
Q

What is the tx for heparin induced thrombocytopenia?

A

Argatrobran
Lepirudin
Hirudin
All are direct thrombin inhibitors - bind at the active site

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19
Q

What is the tx for acute dystonias?

A

Anti histamine s (diphenhydramine)

Anticholinergic (benztropine/trihexyphenidyl

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20
Q

What is the tx for anthrax?

A

Cipro

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21
Q

What is the tx for ascites?

A

Low sodium diet

Furosemide and spironolactone

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22
Q

What is the tx for oral thrush?

A

Nystatin -

MOA = binds ergosterol and forms membrane pores that allow leakage of electrolytes

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23
Q

What is the tx for Listeria?

A

Ampicillin

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24
Q

What is used for pneumococcal and H. Flu meningitis?

A

Ceftriaxone

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25
What is the tx for tularemia and plague?
Streptomycin | MOA: binds 30s subunit and inhibits formation of the initation complex
26
What is the tx for wet AMD.
IV ranizumab and pegatinib - anti-VEGF abs
27
What is the tx for non-small cell carcinomas?
EGFR inhibitors - erlotinib and geftinib
28
What is alpha-INF used for?
Tx of hep b and C Hairy cell leukemia Condyloma acuminatum Kaposi's
42
What is the tx for tardive dyskinesia?
Reduce dose of offending antipsychotic (most often risperidone) or stop the antipsychotic and replace with clozapine
43
What is the tx of choice for hairy cell leukemia?
Cladribine- a purine analog that is resistant to degradation by adenosine deaminase. This allows the drug to build up to high concentrations and become incorporated into the DNA causing breaks.
44
What is used for the treatment of side effects of cholinesterases used in myasthenia gravis?
Scopolamine and hyoscyamine because these are selective muscarinic antagonists that won't affect cholinesterase activities at the nicotinic cholinergic receptors as in skeletal muscle so you can still treat myasthenia gravis
45
What can be used to prevent radio contrast induced nephropathy?
N-acetylcysteine
46
What is used to prevent cardio toxicity of anthracyclines?
Dexrazoxane - iron chelating
47
What is the tx for serotonin syndrome?
Cyproheptadine - | First generation histamine antagonist with nonspecific 5HT1 and 2 antagonism
48
What are the first line tx for a-fib?
Beta blockers | Calcium channel blockers
49
What is the tx for prevention of TIAs?
Low dose daily aspirin
50
What is the tx for diptheria in order of importance?
1. Passive immunity - antitoxin 2. Erythromycin/penicillin 3. DPT vaccine
51
What is the tx for trigeminal neuralgia?
Carbamazepine
52
What is the tx for acute migraine?
Triptans
53
What is the tx for cluster headache?
Inhaled oxygen | Sumatriptan
54
What drug can be used for prophylaxis of a variceal bleed?
Propranolol
55
What is the tx for unresectable melanoma?
Vemurafenib - a BRAF kinase inhibitor
56
What should be given with exposure to heavy isotopes of radioactivity?
Potassium iodide to compete with the radioactive iodide for uptake into the thyroid.
57
What is the best tx for a patient who has tonic clonic and absence seizures?
Valproic acid
58
What's the tx for beta blocker overdose?
Glucagon - acts on G protein receptors and increases cAMP thus increasing calcium during muscle contraction. Will see improvement in heart rate and bp within minutes
59
What is the tx for acute intermittent porphyria?
Glucose and heme
60
What is the tx for urea cycle disorders?
Decrease protein intake
61
What is the tx for staph epidermidis?
Vancomycin Rifampin Gentamicin
62
What is the tx for s. pneumonae
3rd generation ceph
63
What is the tx for s. agalactiae in pregnancy?
A penicillin or ampicillin at 35-37 weeks
64
What is the tx for group B strep meningitis?
Pen G | 3rd gen ceph
65
What is the tx for necrotizing fasciitis?
Pen G | Clindamycin
66
Where should thoracentesis be performed at mid axillary line?
Between ribs 5-7
67
Where should thoracentesis be performed at mid axillary line?
Between ribs 7-9
68
Where should thoracentesis be performed along the para vertebral line?
Ribs 9-11
69
Where do the intercostal vein, artery and nerve lie?
At the lower border of the rib.
70
What is in the retroperitoneal space?
``` Abdominal aorta IVC Pancreas (except tail) Kidneys Adrenal glands Part 2,3,4 for duodenum Ascending colon Descending colon Rectum Ureters Bladder Vertebral column Pelvic muscles ```
71
What is the tx for warfarin skin necrosis?
Fresh frozen plasma to replenish protein C
72
What is the tx for vWF disease and mild hemophilia A?
Desmopressin
73
How do you treat overdoses of MTX, aspirin and phenobarbital?
With bicarbonate because they are weak acids that will be trapped in the urine by a basic environment because they donate a hydrogen and become charged
74
How do you treat an OD of amphetamines.?
With ammonium chloride | Amphetamines are weak bases and will therefore accept a hydrogen and become charged and trapped
75
What is the tx for intussception?
Barium enema
76
What is the tx for esophageal varices?
Somatostatin - constricts the splanchnics and diverts blood to the systemic system
77
What is menotropin and hCG given for?
To stimulate FSH and LH for infertility
78
What is the tx for lichen sclerosis?
Corticosteroids
79
Erythematous, pruritic ulcerated skin of vulva | Pas positive, keratin positive
Extramammary Paget's
80
Malignant sheets of uniform cells - large vesicular cells with clear cytoplasm Fleshy Radiosensitive Ckit tyrosine kinase
Dysgerminoma | Associated with Turner's
81
What is the first line treatment for Tourette's?
Haloperidol | Atypical antipsychotics
82
What is the first line tx for myoclonic seizures?
Valproate acid
83
What is the first line tx for partial seizures?
Carbamazepine
84
What are the first line tx for tonic-clonic seizures?
Phenytoin Carbamazepine Valproate
85
What is the second line tx for absence seizure?
Valproate
86
What is the perioperative tx to prevent venous thrombosis in a hospitalized patient?
Heparin
87
What is used to tx heparin induced thrombocytopenia?
Lepirudin | Argatroban
88
What is the first line tx for PSVT?
Adenosine - may cause flushing, burning in chest, SOB, AV block
89
What is the tx of choice for an ectopic pregnancy?
MTX - will get a build up of DHF and folic acid in the cells
90
What is leucovorin?
Folinic acid = pre-reduced form of folic acid that can be used for purine and thymidylate synthesis without being reduced by DHF reductase
91
What is the tx for bacteriodes?
Piperacillin + tazobactam
92
What is the tx for Conn's syndrome?
An aldosterone antagonist : spironolactone, eplerenone,
93
What is the tx for theophylline OD.
Beta blockers for the tachyarrythmia | BZDs and barbs for the seizures
94
What is the tx for Graves opthalmopathy?
Corticosteroids - anti inflammatory effects
95
What is the tx for atypical depression?
MAOi - phenelzine
96
What is the tx for nephrotoxicity from acyclovir?
IV hydration
97
What is the tx for TCA cardio toxicity?
Sodium bicarbonate
98
What is the treatment for norepinephrine extravasation?
Phentolamine
99
What is the tx for C.difficile?
Clindamycin
100
What is the tx for isolate systolic HTN?
Thiazides diuretics and dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers in non-diabetic patients ACE-I and ARBs used in diabetics
101
What is the first line medication for essential HTN.
Hydrochlorothiazide
102
Why does infusion of epi cause a decrease in insulin release?
Because it's hitting both alpha and beta Alpha - inhibits insulin release Beta stimulates insulin release
103
What is the tx for arsenic poisoning?
Dimercaprol - displaces arsenic ions from the sulfhydryl groups
104
What is the tx for acute lead and mercury poisoning?
CaNaEDTA - forms mono,di, trivalent ions
105
What is the tx for RCC?
Aldesleukin - IL2

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