Truelearn Flashcards
(19 cards)
Adult
RCC = B/L renal cysts
Pheochromocytoma = HTN + headache
Hemangioblastomas = retina and cerebellum
- Retinal hemangioblastomas = bleed → retinal exudates + impaired vision + eventual vision loss
- Brain hemangioblastomas = cystic nodules on imaging + bleeding
VHL = mutation in the VHL tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 3
Child
Infantile spasms = infancy w/ clusters of brief muscle contractions + exaggerated startles = flexion of neck+ abdominal crunches = flexion of trunk and extremities
Dermatologic =
- ash-leaf spots = hypopigmented macules
- periungual fibromas = fibrous growths arising from the nail fold
- Shagreen patches = orange peel–like plaque on lower back
Benign tumors in multiple organs→brain + heart + kidney
- Subependymal giant cell tumor = slow-growing, periventricular tumor → obstructive hydrocephalus = headache + vomiting + focal neurologic deficits- CT scan as small, calcified lesions along the ventricles
- Cardiac rhabdomyomas = mesenchymal tissue
- Renal angiomyolipomas =
- Retinal hamartomas =
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) = autosomal dominant
Management = Serial skin and eye examinations and tumor surveillance
- MRI of the brain + kidney
- Echocardiography
- Electroencephalography = infantile spasms
- Neuropsychiatric testing = neurocognitive disorders (learning disabilities +autism)
Pancreatitis management
- Labs = Lipase/amylase levels
- Hydration = Lactated Ringers
- CT w/ contrast - Dx
Boerhaave Syndrome vs Mallory-Weiss vs Rupture esophageal varies
Boerhaave Syndrome = hemodynamtic unstable + gastric contents
Mallory-Weiss = hemodynamic stable + increase pressure (vomiting)
Rupture esophageal varies = portal HTN
AS vs ↑ SVR
AS
- young = calcification of bicuspid AV
- old = senile calcification of trileaflet AV
↑ SVR = HTN → LV hypertrophy
COPD most important factor
hypoxia
Community Aquired Pneumo vs Atypical Pneumo
CAP
* Dx: ↑ sputum + fever + rhonchi
* Tx: Amoxicillin-clavulante + doxycycline
Atypical
* Dx: nonproductive cough + fever + rhonichi
* Tx: Azithromycin + doxycycline
Duke criteria
Major:
* + cultures
* TEE = mass on valve
Minor:
* fever
* Drug use
* Vascular = Janeway lesions
* Immunologic = kidney issues + RF + Osler nodes + Roth spots
* microbiologic
SLE vs IgA nephropathy
SLE = IgG subendothelial immune deposits in compartments w/ rash
IgA = URI
Diabetic foot ulcer management
Bone biopsy & cultures
Goodpasture Syndrome vs Granulomatosis w/ polyngiitis
Goodpasture = LRT (cough + hemoptyosis) + hematuria
granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis = URT (sinus infection + cavity) + hematuria
Loops + thiazide
Palpitation
Weakness
EKG changes = Flat T + U wave + ST depression
Diuretic-induced hypokalemia = increase [Na+] in distal tubule RAAS
↓ Ca++ →
- ↓ Mg = prolong QT
- ↓ phosphate
↓ Mg = EtOH pt
can affect K+ reabsorption at DCT
↓ phosphate = variable depends on why the ↓ Ca++
Hemochromatosis vs Poryphria
Hemochromatosis =
1. Cirrhosis
2. DM
3. Arthropathies
Poryphria =
1. facial hypertrichosis
2. Changes in skin
HIT vs Vasopressor-induced ischemia
HIT =
1. ischemia in some digits
2. Moderate low platelets
Vasopressor-induced ischemia =
1. ischemia in ALL digits
2. slight low platelets
PMH: heavy EtOH
Recurrent epigastric pain + N/V
Exocrine issues = enzymes → fat malabsorption → steatorrhea = foul smelling stool + wt loss
Endocrine issues = DM + glucose intolerance
Chronic Pancreatitis
Management:
1. Labs - usually normal
2. Fluids
3. US/CT w/ contrast = calcification
4. MRCP = looking @ ducts
Tx:
1. Small vol. meals
2. Pancreatic enzyme supplements
3. Surgery
IV diuretics vs Pericardial window
Diuretics = HF
Pericardial window = chronic tx of pericardial effusion w/o tamponade
Acute: pericardiocentesis
Factor V Leiden
Activated Protein C (APC) resistance → hypercoagulable
Single point mutation
PTU ADR
Agranulocytosis
Tx = hyperthyroidism
