- Diagnosing cancer - Treatment check - Testing treatments - Detecting recurrent cancer

Tumor Markers Flashcards by Hagar Grace

Used to look on melanoma spread before, during
and after treatment

S-100

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a glycoprotein Oncofetal Antigen

Alpha-Feto protein

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Marker of GIT CANCER

Carcinoembryonic Antigen

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increase in Multiple myeloma, CLL, some lymphomas

Beta 2 Microglobulin

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Abnormal levels of NSE

> 9ug/ml

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Used to asses growth of cancer cells

HER 1

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protein on outer melanoma cells

TA-90

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for gastric & pancreatic cancer (recurrence & treatment)

CA 50

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Checked along with NMP for recurrence of bladder camcer

Bladder Tumor Antigen

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Metastatic Cancer of bone, Hepatocellular cancer,
Osteosarcoma, Lymphoma, Leukemia

Alkaline Phosphatase

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Uses:

Diagnosing cancer
Treatment check
Testing treatments
Detecting recurrent cancer

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C-peptide is measured by

ELISA (Enzyme linked immunosorbent Assay)

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Most sensitive for carcinoid tumors

Chromogranin A

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hormones used to detect Neuroblastoma, Pheochromocytoma,
Paranganglionoma

Catecholamines

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hormone used to detect recurrent thyroid cancer

Thyroglobulin

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Two types of oncofetal antigen

Alpha-Feto protein
Carcinoembryonic Antigen

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hormone for Adrenal tumors

Cortisol

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Now used to detect pancreatic cancer

CA 19-9

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CA 19-9 NV

<37u/ml

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highly specific for prostate
cancer

Prostate Specific Antigen

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Method for detection of BCR-ABL

PCR

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Cancer antigen for ovarian & pancreatic cancer; Also stomach cancer

CA 72-4

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CA-125 Normal Value

<35u/ml

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NSE is used for follow up of patients with

small cell lung cancer and neuroblastoma

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Alpha-feto protein level that would Indicate Hepatic Cancer

>350 ng/mL

When to check Tumor markers:

- At time of diagnosis - Before, during, or after treatment - Regularly after many years to check recurrence

Carcinoembryonic Antigen level is increased in:

heavy smokers

Serum protein that is elevated in some testicular and Ovarian cancer

Beta-human Chorionic Gonadotropin

Found in all prostate cells

Prostate specific membrane antigen

Prostatic acid phosphatase is also used for

multiple myeloma & lung cancer

gray zone levels for PSA

4-10ng/ml

Marker for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

BCR-ABL

High levels of PSMA may indicate

1. Age (as you age, PSMA increases) 2. prostate cancer

Gene that Increases in Breast cancers, Stomach cancers

HER 2

an abnormal gene

BCR-ABL

CA 27.29 normal value

<40u/ml

Enumerate advantages of using tumor markers

- Non-invasive in nature - More accurate quantification - Lack of inter-observer difference - Early detection

an enzyme which is a Marker for NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS

Neuron specific Enolase

Helps diagnose and guide the treatment of LIVER CANCER

Alpha-Feto protein

used for Breast Cancer

CA 15-3

Beta 2 Macroglobulin normal value

<2.5mg/L

GI tract & pancreas in fetal development

Carcinoembryonic Antigen

CA 15-3 Normal value

<30u/ml

Increased tumor concentration =

increased tumor progression

hormones for medullary-thyroid Carcinoma!

Calcitonin

Thyroglobulin is measured by

Double antibody RIA, ELISA Immunoradiometric assay

Serum proteins for melanoma

S-100 TA-90

standard marker = Epithelial Ovarian cancer

CA 125

Found in urine with Bladder cancer

Bladder Tumor Antigen

Gene used in assessing colorectal cancer

V-ki-ras2

Characteristics

-Cancer sensitive, specific -Tissue specific -Readily detectable in serum and OBF -high level in early stage -Serum levels correlate with tumor burden

Used to monitor treatment effect and to watch for recurrence of disease

Lactate dehydrogenase

made by neuroendocrine tumors

Chromogranin A

Method for detecting cancer antigens

Immunoassay

Calcitonin is produced by

parafollicular cells of thyroid

Serotonin is measured by

HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography)

NV for Calcitonin

5-12pg/ml

Serum proteins used as a marker for bladder cancer

Bladder Tumor Antigen Nuclear matrix protein

Substances that can be found in the body (blood, urine, OBF, Tissues, Tumors) when cancer is present or monitoring the progress of cancer

TUMOR MARKERS

Increased in acute and chronic hepatitis; Also increased in testicular cancers & rare types of ovarian cancer, Choriocarcinoma

Alpha-Feto protein

Marker: Testicular Cancer & other germ cell tumors

Lactate dehydrogenase

use to follow patients with breast cancer during or after treatment

CA 27.29

Tumor Markers Flashcards

(62 cards)