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Musculoskeletal Anatomy > Tutorial 1: Upper Limb, Wet Lab > Flashcards

Tutorial 1: Upper Limb, Wet Lab Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the axilla?

A

The pyramidal space below the shoulder joint

It provides a passageway for vessels going to the upper limb

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2
Q

What forms the 4 walls of the axilla?

A

Anterior wall - Pectoralis major and minor muscles
Posterior wall - Subscapularis, teres major and latissimus dorsi muscles
Medial wall - Serrates anterior muscle and thoracic wall
Lateral wall - Intertubercular groove of the humerus

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3
Q

What structures exist in the axilla?

A 
Axillary artery
Axillary vein
Brachial plexus
Biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis
Axillary lymph nodes
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4
Q

What is the axillary artery a continuation of?

A

Subclavicular artery

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5
Q

What anatomically marks the change from the subclavian to the axillary artery?

A

The lateral border of the 1st rib

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6
Q

What follows on from the axillary artery?

A

Brachial artery

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7
Q

What anatomically marks the change from the axillary to the brachial artery?

A

Lower border of the teres major muscle

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8
Q

When may compression of the axillary artery be necessary?

A

When profuse bleeding occurs

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9
Q

What spinal nerve roots supply the brachial plexus?

A

C5. C6, C7, C8, T1

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10
Q

Which nerve roots form the upper trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

C5, C6

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11
Q

What is Erb’s point and what is it’s relevance?

A

…

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12
Q

Which group of muscles are affected by Erb’s palsy (injury to upper trunk)?

A 
Paralysis of:
Biceps brachialis
Brachialis 
Coracobrachialis
Brachioradialis
Deltoid
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13
Q

What segmental roots of the brachial plexus contribute to he lower trunk?

A

C8, T1

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14
Q

See brachial plexus pg 9 of anatomy book

A

…

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15
Q

What is Klumpke’s palsy?

A

Injury to the lower trunk of the brachial plexus
Intrinsic muscles of the hand and ulnar flexors or the wrist and fingers
Injury can be caused by undue abduction of the arm

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16
Q

What are the cords of the brachial plexus?

A

Lateral cord
Medial cord
Posterior cord

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17
Q

What are the branches of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Lateral pectoral nerve
Lateral root of the median nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve

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18
Q

What are the branches of the medial cord of the brachial plexus?

A 
Medial pectoral nerve
Ulnar nerve
Medial root of the median nerve
Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm
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19
Q

What are the branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A 
Thoracodorsal nerve
Axillary nerve
Superior subscapular nerve
Inferior sub scapular nerve
Radial nerve
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20
Q

Look at diagram on pg 10 for arterial supply to arm

A

…

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21
Q

Look at the diagram on pg 11 for the venous drainage of the arm

A

…

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22
Q

What veins arise from each side of the dorsal venous arch?

A

Lateral side - cephalic

Medial - basilic

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23
Q

What does the median cubital vein do?

A

Shunts blood from the cephalic to the basilic vein

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24
Q

Where is the clavicle at it’s weakest and why?

A

Junction of the medial 2/3 and lateral 1/3

Weight is displaced inferiorly at the lateral end due to the pectorals major

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25
What kind of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?
Synovial plane
26
What kind of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
Saddle synovial
27
What is scapohumeral rhythm?
Simultaneous movement of the glenohumeral joint and scapula to provide a smooth extension to the range of movement
28
What muscles cause elevation of the scapula?
Upper trapezius Levator scapulae Rhomboids
29
What muscles cause depression of the scapula?
Lower trapezius Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor
30
What muscles cause protraction of the scapula?
Serratus anterior Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor
31
What muscles cause protraction of the scapula?
Serratus anterior Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor
32
What muscles cause retraction of the scapula?
Middle trapezius | Rhomboids
33
What muscles cause rotation of the scapula elevating the glenoid cavity?
Superior trapezius Pectoralis minor Superior serratus anterior
34
What muscles cause rotation of the scapula depressing the glenoid cavity?
Inferior trapezius | Inferior serratus anterior
35
See page 19 of booklet for muscles which act to move the scapula
...
36
See page 19 of booklet for muscles which act to move the scapula
...
37
What kind of joint is the glenohumeral joint?
Synovial ball and socket
38
What is the function of the glenoid labrum?
It is a cartilage that deepens the glenoid fossa
39
What ligaments support the glenohumeral joint?
Coracoacromial ligament Coracohumeral ligament Glenohumeral ligaments
40
What aspect of the glenohumeral joint is strengthened by the coracohumeral ligament?
Superior
41
What aspect of the glenohumeral joint is strengthened by the glenohumeral ligament?
Anterior
42
What aspect of the glenohumeral joint is strengthened by the glenohumeral ligament?
Anterior
43
What makes up the coraco-acromial arch and what is it's function?
Acromion Coracoid process of the scapula It prevents superior displacement of the humeral head
44
What is the function of bursae?
To provide cushioning around a joint
45
Rotator cuff muscle diagram pg 23 of booklet
...
46
What are the actions of the rotator cuff muscles?
Abduction, lateral and medial rotation
47
What is the action of the anterior fibres of the deltoid?
Medial rotation and flexion of the shoulder joint
48
What is the action of the middle fibres of the deltoid?
Abduction of the at the shoulder joint
49
What is the action of the posterior fibres of the deltoid?
Extension and lateral rotation of the shoulder joint
50
What nerve supplies the deltoid muscle?
Axillary nerve
51
What is the action of the pectorals major on the shoulder joint?
Adduction and medial rotation
52
What is the deltopectoral triangle and what can be found in that space?
Triangle formed by the clavicle, deltoid and pectorals major Subclavian vein
53
What is the nerve supply for the serratus anterior?
Long thoracic nerve
54
What clinical sign occurs as a result of injury to the long thoracic nerve?
Winged scapula
55
How is the long thoracic nerve often injured?
Insertion of chest drain
56
What effect does contraction of the superior fibres of the trapezius have on the scapula?
Elevation
57
What effect does contraction of the middle fibres of the trapezius have on the scapula?
Retraction
58
What effect does contraction of the inferior fibres of the trapezius have on the scapula?
Depression
59
What innervates the trapezius muscle?
Accessory nerve (CNXI)
60
What action does the teres major have on the shoulder joint?
Adducts and medially rotates
61
What is the action of the latissimus dorsi on the shoulder joint?
Extension Adduction Medial rotation
62
What muscles cause flexion of the shoulder joint?
Biceps brachii Pectoralis major Anterior deltoid Coracobrachialis
63
What muscles cause extension of the shoulder joint?
Posterior deltoid Latissimus dorsi Teres major
64
What muscles cause adduction of the shoulder joint?
Pectoralis major Latissimus dorsi Teres major
65
What muscles cause abduction of the shoulder joint?
Middle part of the deltoid Supraspinatus Trapezius Serratus anterior
66
What muscles cause medial/internal rotation of the shoulder joint?
Subscapularis Lattisimus dorsi Pectoralis major Teres major
67
What muscles cause lateral/external of the shoulder joint?
Teres minor | Infraspinatus

Musculoskeletal Anatomy (14 decks)

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