Understanding Human Development Flashcards
(85 cards)
Systematic changes and continuities in the individual that occur between conception and
death, or from “womb to tomb.”
Development
3 broad domains/most important aspects of human development?
Physical Development
Cognitive Development
Psychosocial Development
Growth of the body and its organs; the functioning of physiological systems including the brain,
physical signs of aging, changes in motor abilities, and so on.
Physical Development
Changes and continuities in perception, language, learning, memory, problem solving, and other mental processes.
Cognitive Development
Changes and carryover in personal
and interpersonal aspects of development, such as motives, emotions, personality traits, interpersonal skills and relationships, and roles played in the family and in the larger society.
Psychosocial Development
3 ways/processes in development.
Orderly
Pattern
Unpredictable
3 kinds of changes.
Gains
Losses
Different from what we like before
Physical changes that occur from conception to maturity.
Growth
The deterioration of organisms (including humans) that leads inevitably to their death.
Biological aging
Refers to a range of physical, cognitive, and psychosocial changes, positive and negative, in the mature organism.
Aging
A transitional period between adolescence and full-fledged adulthood that extends from about age 18 to age 25 and maybe as late as 29.
Emerging adulthood
Periods of the Life Span.
Prenatal period (Conception to birth)
Infancy (0-18/24 months)
Preschool period (2–5)
Middle childhood (6-10)
Adolescence Approximately (10–18)
Emerging adulthood (18–25/29)
Early adulthood (25–40)
Middle adulthood (40–65)
Late adulthood (65 years and older)
Often defined as the shared understandings and way of life of a people; includes beliefs, values, and practices concerning the nature of humans in different phases of the life span, what children need to be taught to function in their society, and how people should lead their lives as adults.
Culture
Assigned different statuses, roles, privileges, and responsibilities.
Age-grade
A ritual that marks a person’s “passage” from
one status to another; can involve such varied
practices as body painting, circumcision, beatings, instruction by elders in adult sexual practices, tests of physical prowess, and gala celebrations.
Rite of passage
Society’s way of telling people how to act their age; basis for social clock; affect how easily people adjust to life transitions.
Age norms
A person’s sense of when things should be done and when they are ahead of or behind the
schedule dictated by age norms.
Social clock
People’s affiliation with a group based on common heritage or traditions.
Ethnicity
Standing in society based on such indicators as occupational prestige, education, and income.
Socioeconomic Status (SES)
The question of how biological forces and environmental forces act and interact to make us what we are.
Nature-Nurture issue
Emphasize the influence of heredity, universal maturational processes guided by the genes, biologically based or innate predispositions produced by evolution, and biological influences on us every day of hormones, neurotransmitters, and other biochemicals.
Nature
The biological unfolding of the individual as sketched out in the genes.
Maturation
The hereditary material passed from parents to child at conception.
Genes
Emphasize change in response to environment.
Nurture
