understanding the kinetic chain and human function

Question 1

muscles and joints must interact to

Answer 1

properly move and stabilize the body

Question 2

recruitment patterns are harmonized via the

Answer 2

CNS

Question 3

any loss of energy along the kinetic chain reduces

Answer 3

potential force applied at point of contact

Question 4

passive system

Answer 4

form closure

Question 5

active system

Answer 5

force closure

Question 6

control system

Answer 6

neural activation and coordination

Question 7

motor control

Answer 7

neuromuscular coordination

Question 8

force closure

Answer 8

muscular stiffness, appropriate contraction, myofascial synergy

Question 9

form closure

Answer 9

joint anatomy, alignment, mobility

Question 10

efficiency of joint structures

Answer 10

form closure

Question 11

form closure primarily consists of

Answer 11

bones and CT

Question 12

____ closure support soft tissue which help maintain joint position

Answer 12

force

Question 13

force closure primarily consists of

Answer 13

muscles and fascia

Question 14

refers to the force across body segments or chain of force transfer involved in properly moving the body

Answer 14

kinetic chain

Question 15

local muscle systems essential for

Answer 15

localized joint stability and neutral joint positioning

Question 16

global muscle systems responsible for

Answer 16

motion and regional stability that tend to function in a phasic manner

Question 17

some global system muscles aid in _____, while others function as ____

Answer 17

stabilizers, movers

Question 18

local systems function in an ____ manner before movements/loading to brace the joint or body segment and maximize stability

Answer 18

anticipatory

Question 19

local systems fire before than fibers of global systems to

Answer 19

anchor a motion segment before the global system pulls on it

Question 20

activity of local systems in the trunk should precede that of

Answer 20

muscle responsible for limb movement

Question 21

delayed local system firing allows forces to go

Answer 21

unmanaged and can lead to injury

Question 22

local stabilizer role

Answer 22

increase muscle stiffness to control segmental movement

Question 23

local stabilizer functions

Answer 23

control neutral joint position
contraction does not produce change in muscle length or movement

Question 24

local stabilizer characteristics

Answer 24

fulfill proprioceptive functions
activity is independent of the direction of movement; continuous in nature but reactive to offset forces

Question 25

local stabilizers example muscles

Answer 25

transverse abdominis, pelvic floor, diaphragm, multipidus, posterior fibers of internal obliques, supraspiantus, soleus

Question 26

global stabilizer role

Answer 26

generate force to control range of movement

Question 27

global stabilizer functions

Answer 27

control the inner and outer ranges of movement contract eccentrically for low-load deceleration of momentum and for rotational control

Question 28

global stabilizer: activity is____ dependent non ____

Answer 28

direction, continuous

Question 29

global mobilizer examples

Answer 29

external oblique, rectus abdominis, erector spine, psoas major, lats, glare max, hip adductors, hamstrings, gastroc

Question 30

static stability

Answer 30

the ability to maintain a position without movement while under load

Question 31

examples of static stability

Answer 31

planks, quadrupeds

Question 32

integrated model of function

Answer 32

cooperation and coordination between bodily systems

Question 33

suggests the body can manage environments and conditions efficiently

Answer 33

function

Question 34

suggests reduced performance efficiency and injury risk due to musculoskeletal deficiencies that create poor posture, faulty movement patterns, and/or incorrect biomechanics

Answer 34

dysfunction

Question 35

if muscles do not fire in synch to compensatory actions occur, joints will suffer from _____ and ____ will be lost

Answer 35

undue stress, movement proficiency

Question 36

training for improved function focuses on (5)

Answer 36

adequate mobility, muscle balance, passive and active elements of stabilization, effective muscle activation, optimal neuromuscular coordination

Question 37

how well a joint aligns

Answer 37

form closure

Question 38

the ability of connective tissue to maintain joint position alignment

Answer 38

force closure

Question 39

the proficiency of the neuromuscular system to anticipate and react to external stimuli

Answer 39

motor control

Question 40

ones current psychological orientation which can impact neural activity

Answer 40

emotion

Question 41

form closure describes the

Answer 41

structural aspects of the body and specific architecture of joints

Question 42

if the segments fit together like a puzzle, ____ is provided

Answer 42

significant support (hip)

Question 43

if the connecting surface area is limited, ____ enhance stability

Answer 43

other tissues (shoulder)

Question 44

force closure supports any deficiency in form closure via

Answer 44

muscular contractions and CT compressive forces

Question 45

lack of stability in a joint reduces

Answer 45

force production

Question 46

3 factors that impact force closure

Answer 46

joint angles, CT integrity, muscle balance

Question 47

a close-packed position is ___ efficient at resisting stress

Answer 47

most

Question 48

changing in stability demands during movement can create a

Answer 48

sticking point

Question 49

limited disruptive stress occurs when tissues are

Answer 49

healthy and mobile

Question 50

agonist-antagonist muscle imbalance increases

Answer 50

stress

Question 51

imbalances can offset

Answer 51

bone and joint alignment, result in postural distortions

Question 52

refers to neuromuscular activation within motor units to produce movement via appropriate force

Answer 52

motor control

Question 53

_________ dictate stability

Answer 53

magnitude of force, timing of motor unit activation/deactivation

Question 54

familiarity and movement practice is key to improving

Answer 54

motor control

Question 55

layman's understanding of muscle memory

Answer 55

practice improves performance

Question 56

identifies the relationship between the brain and working muscles during physical actions

Answer 56

emotion

Question 57

emotion is ____ expressed

Answer 57

physically

Question 58

emotion can lead to

Answer 58

postural adjustments, biomechanics changes, impact focus

Question 59

emotion affects motivation which affects

Answer 59

force production

Question 60

has the greatest impact on finite actions

Answer 60

emotion

Question 61

the use of ___, ____. and ____ with trained movements to stimulate the brain can improve focus, and performance

Answer 61

targeting, location stimuli, focal interactions

Question 62

Local muscle systems are required for which of the following? a. Body segment movement b. Regional stability c. Motor control d. Joint stability

Answer 62

d

Question 63

Training for improved function focuses on: a. Muscle balance b. Adequate mobility c. Muscle activation patterns d. All of the above

Answer 63

d

Question 64

The integrated model of function includes all of the following, except: a. Form closure b. Emotion c. Motor control d. Energy systems

Answer 64

d

Question 65

Which represents the primary aspect of form closure? a. structural contact efficiency of a joint b. type of joint c. number of muscle attachments around a joint d. range of motion of a joint

Answer 65

a

Question 66

How can emotion impact neuromuscular performance? a. Via postural adjustments b. By reducing force production via motivation c. By reduce focus via distraction d. All of the above

Answer 66

d

Question 67

true or false: stability is achieved via the coordinated action of three systems including a passive (form closure), active (force closure) and control system (neuromuscular coordination)

Answer 67

true

Question 68

true or false: local muscle systems must function in an anticipatory manner before loading to maximize joint segment stability and reduce risk for injury

Answer 68

true

Question 69

true or false: joint stability increases at the weakest link in the kinetic chain

Answer 69

false

Question 70

the term ____ indicates the body can manage environments and conditions efficiently without undue stress or restriction

Answer 70

function

Question 71

familiarity and movement practice, known as ____, is key to improving motor control over time

Answer 71

rehearsal

Question 72

Fill in the blanks for the following statements describing optimal human function: a. The musculoskeletal system maintains proper symmetry for ___ and ____ closure. b. Local stability at each joint is attained via proper ____ and ____ muscle relationships. c. Muscle ____ is orderly and efficient with proper anticipatory signaling because segments are stabilized before forces are applied.

Answer 72

form force agonist antagonist activation

Question 73

give three examples of local stabilizers

Answer 73

transverse abdominis pelvic flood diaphragm deep lumbar multifidus internal oblique vastus medialis supraspinatus soleus

Question 74

give three examples of global mobilizers

Answer 74

external oblique rectus abdominis erector spinae psoas major latissimus dirsi glute max hip adductor hamstring gastroc