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Flashcards in Unexpected Death or Disease Deck (14)
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1
Q

Laryngeal chondritis

  • definition
  • CS (4)
  • Tx (2)
A

-abscessation of the arytenoid cartilages in the larynx

CS:

  • sever inspiratory dyspnoea
  • open mouth breathing
  • cyanosis
  • painful larynx

Tx:

  • short acting corticosteroids and high does of broad spec ABs (chorampheicol, fluquinolones
  • tracheotomy
2
Q

Struck

  • agent
  • CS (3)
  • Dx (2)
A
  • Cl .perfringens
  • eneteritis, peritonitis, sudden death

Dx:

  • PM findings: excessive fluid in pericardial, pleural and abdominal cavities, haemorrhagic enteritis
  • ELISA positive for b toxin
3
Q

Malignant oedema (bighead)

  • agent(s)
  • pathology
  • risk
  • Tx
A

cl. septicum, cl chauvoei, Cl. sordelli, Cl. novyi
- cellulitis causing massive facial swelling with oedema and gas production
- common in fighting tups
- Tx: hgih doses of parenternal penicillin for 2-4 days

4
Q

Bracken poisoning

  • when (2)
  • CS (6)
A
  • late summer/autumn
  • prolonged ingestion required for signs to develop

CS:

  • ill thrift
  • exercise intolerance
  • anaemia
  • anorexia
  • bright blindness: progressive retinal degeneration
  • high incidence of neoplasms (carcinogenic!)
5
Q

Rhododendron poisoning

  • CS (4)
  • Tx
A

CS:

  • excessive salivation
  • greenish froth around mouth and nose
  • severe abdominal pain (retching)
  • ataxia –> recumbency –> convulsions –> death

Tx: purgatives, supportive therapy : recovery 7-14 days

6
Q

Brassica Poisoning

  • what
  • Toxic substances (5)
A

-forage rape and kale (common winter feeds for sheep)

Toxic substances:

  • nitrates
  • haemolytic anaemia factor
  • photosensitive substances
  • oxalates
  • S and Mo
7
Q

Bracken Nitrate Poisoning

  • Action
  • CS (4)
  • Dx (2)
  • Tx
A

combines heamoglobin –> methaemaglobin

CS:

  • dyspnoea
  • tachycardia
  • muscle tremors
  • brown MM –> cyanotic

Dx:

  • PM
  • high nitrite or nitrate concentrations in aqueous humour or CSF

Tx: methylene bleu IV & remove form source

8
Q

Bracken Haemolysis

  • action
  • severity
  • Dx
  • Tx
A

s- methylcystein sulfoxide (SMCO) converted in rumen to dimethyl disulphide –> haemolysis

  • severity depends on proprtion of SMCO content of crop
    - -> small = poor growth rate
    - - > large = anaemia, haemoglobinuria, death

Dx

  • PM
  • blood samples dark and watery

Tx: none

9
Q

Ragwort poisoning

  • Agent
  • CS
  • affected animals (most to least)
A
  • pyrrolizidine alkaoids
  • ill thrift and hepatic encephalopathy/ photosensitisation
  • horse –> cattle –> sheep
10
Q

Chronic copper poisoning

  • CS (8)
  • Dx (3)
  • Tx (2)
A

CS:

  • ataxia
  • aimless wandering
  • head pressing
  • stupor
  • jaundice
  • haemoglobinuria
  • anaemia
  • death

Dx:

  • serum Cu NOT helpful
  • PM: carcase pale/jaundice
  • Kidney Cu > 34mmol/kg CM

Tx:

  • Cu antagonists (S and Mo)
  • sodium calcium edetate
11
Q

Acute Cu poisoning

A

CS:

  • depression
  • anorexia
  • mucoid diarrhoea
  • death (within 24 hours)
12
Q

Chronic Lead poisoning CS (5)

A
  • periodic fits
  • anorexia
  • emaciation
  • poor repro performance
  • bone abnormalities
13
Q

Acute Lead poisoning CS (5)

A
  • blindness (PLR still present)
  • muscle tremor
  • colice
  • gastroenteritis
  • staggering gait
14
Q

Lead poisoning Dx

A
  • blood levels (do not represent tissue levels though)
  • wool in chronic poisoning
  • haematology: normocytic, normochromic anaemia
  • PM: kidney lead levels > 15mg/kg