Unit 1

Question 1

In your own words, what is nutrition?

Answer 1

the study of the ingredients and nutrients that make up food

Question 2

Nutrients that an animal needs to eat that it cannot make enough of by itself

Answer 2

essential nutrients

Question 3

Nutrients that the animal can make in their body from the food they take in

Answer 3

nonessential nutrients

Question 4

Other than water, what is the most critical part of the diet?

Answer 4

energy

Question 5

T or F:

In general (without human intervention messing with their diets), most animals can naturally regulate how much energy that need & take in.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Most diets show the number of kcal based on what type of energy?

Answer 6

Metabolizable Energy

Question 7

What are 2 things that animals use water for on a daily basis (in their bodies)?

Answer 7

temperature regulation

flushing toxins from the body through the kidneys

Question 8

Which companion animal species has a harder time maintaining their own water balance?

Answer 8

cats

Question 9

Give an example of a monosaccharide.

Answer 9

glucose

Question 10

What is the most important type of fat in the diet of companion animals (dogs & cats)? It is also used to store energy.

Answer 10

triglycerides

Question 11

Other than to store energy, what is one function of fats in the diet?

Answer 11

forms a protective layer on the skin to keep moisture in and keep invaders out

Question 12

All proteins contain what specific element?

Answer 12

nitrogen

Question 13

What are 2 functions of proteins in the body?

Answer 13

carry substances through out the body

muscle formation - actin and myosin

Question 14

Describe in your own words the difference between high quality & low quality proteins.

Answer 14

high quality proteins - easily digestible, contains all of the essential amino acids

low quality proteins - not easily digestible, does not contain all of the essential amino acids

Question 15

What type of protein source do we often compare all other to due to this one being high quality?

Answer 15

eggs

Question 16

fat soluble vitamins

Answer 16

A, D, E, K

Question 17

water soluble vitamins

Answer 17

B, C

Question 18

In this type of vitamin, the vitamin is stored in the liver over time & slowly results in toxicity.

Answer 18

fat soluble

Question 19

We lose a lot of this type of vitamin in our urine.

Answer 19

water soluble

Question 20

This turtle likely needs more of which vitamin?

Answer 20

Vitamin A

Question 21

When an animal has ingested rodenticide, what type of vitamin do we usually administer?

Answer 21

vitamin K

Question 22

Pirates with scurvy need more of what vitamin?

Answer 22

vitamin C

Question 23

T or F:

The levels & activities of some minerals often depend on levels of other minerals in the diet or body.

Answer 23

true

Question 24

When there is too much phosphorus in a diet, what happens to the level of calcium in the body?

Answer 24

phosphorus binds to calcium so lower amounts of calcium are absorbed

Question 25

Other than making up bone, what is one role of calcium in the body?

Answer 25

allows for muscles to contract - including the cardiac muscles

Question 26

which hormone acts when there is low blood calcium

Answer 26

PTH

Question 27

which hormone acts when there is normal or high blood calcium

Answer 27

calcitonin

Question 28

T or F: Cereal grain husks are high in phosphorus that the body can easily use.

Answer 28

False

Question 29

Which mineral is included in the hemoglobin molecule?

Answer 29

iron

Question 30

Which mineral is needed to make thyroid hormone?

Answer 30

iodine

Question 31

T or F: Proteins are always being broken down & re-built, & proteins are always needed in the diet.

Answer 31

true

Question 32

What type of dietary fiber retains water & doesn’t form a viscous solution with water in the GI tract, resulting in an increased fecal mass & quicker GI transit time?

Answer 32

insoluble fiber

Question 33

What fat-soluble vitamin is an important antioxidant?

Answer 33

vitamin E

Question 34

When we break down a food into the number of calories it contains, how are they calculated/measured?

Answer 34

Heat Energy

Question 35

The energy needed by the body to actually chew, digest, absorb, & assimilate nutrients from the diet is called what?

Answer 35

dietary thermogenesis

Question 36

The level of nutrients per 1,000 kcal of ME in a food is known as what?

Answer 36

nutrient density

Question 37

If an animal has a decreased energy intake compared to its daily energy requirement, this results in what?

Answer 37

reduced growth rate

Question 38

How much body water can an animal lose before it faces death?

Answer 38

10%

Question 39

What disaccharide is found in milk. Glucose & galactose come together to form this molecule.

Answer 39

lactose

Question 40

What type of potential energy source provides the most concentrated & easily digestible form of energy compared to all other nutrients?

Answer 40

fats

Question 41

What compound is produced by the combination of retinal & opsin in the eye & allows the eye to be less sensitive to changes in light?

Answer 41

rhodopsin

Question 42

Carotenoids are precursors to Vitamin A made by plant cells. What color are the plants that provide a lot of vitamin A (because they have a lot of carotenoids in them)?

Answer 42

yellowish orange

Question 43

Minerals that occur in appreciable amounts in the body are known as what?

Answer 43

macrominerals

Question 44

What compound is found in cereal grain husks & contains a lot of phosphorus that unfortunately the body cannot use?

Answer 44

phytate

Question 45

A deficiency in which B can result in an inability to make adequate DNA.

Answer 45

B9 - folic acid

Question 46

The amount of metabolizable energy (ME) in a food depends on which two things

Answer 46

make up of food (components) animal species metabolizing the food

Question 47

What 2 minerals combine to form hydroxyapatite commonly found in bone?

Answer 47

phosphorus calcium

Question 48

T or F: The GI microbiome only involves bacteria.

Answer 48

false

Question 49

Where does fermentation of fiber (and pre/pro-biotics) occur?

Answer 49

colon

Question 50

What is dysbiosis?

Answer 50

imbalance or disturbance of normal microbiome

Question 51

"Fertilize" the good bugs & help them grow. Soluble fibers.

Answer 51

prebiotics

Question 52

Live "good" microorganisms.

Answer 52

probiotics

Question 53

A product with pre & probiotics in it

Answer 53

synbiotics