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OCR PE > Unit 1 (Body Systems): Energy Systems > Flashcards

Unit 1 (Body Systems): Energy Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Define ATP

A

Adenosine-triphosphate, the only compound cells can take energy from.

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2
Q

Define ADP

A

Adenosine-diphosphate, the compound after ATP is hydrolysed to release energy.

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3
Q

Define PC

A

Phosphocreatine, a compound used to resynthesise ATP

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4
Q

Define energy

A

Used to power all cells in the body

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5
Q

Define exothermic

A

A reaction that gives off energy

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6
Q

Define endothermic

A

A reaction that requires energy

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7
Q

ATP lasts for how long?

A

2 seconds

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8
Q

Define the advantages of the ATP-PC system

A

PC is readily available (stored in muscles)
No O2 required
Simple reaction so can happen quickly
No negative bi-products

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9
Q

When is the ATP-PC system effective?

A

In the use of short, high-intensity exercises and sports such as 100m, a hockey penalty or gymnastics vault.

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10
Q

What are the disadvantages of the ATP-PC system?

A

It only lasts 10 seconds
The ration of resynthesis is 1:1
There are limited stores of CP that cannot be greatly increased.

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11
Q

Define lactic acid

A

The by product of the energy system that inhibits muscular contraction

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12
Q

Define glycogen

A

One of the ways in which glucose is stored chemically in the body

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13
Q

Define glucose

A

A simple sugar that is used to produce energy for the body

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14
Q

Define pyruvic acid

A

The by product of glycolysis

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15
Q

Define sarcoplasm

A

Fluid around the muscle fibre where some reactions take place.

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16
Q

Define glycolysis

A

The process by which glycogen is converted into energy

17
Q

Define glycogen phosphorylase

A

The enzyme that increases the breakdown of glycogen

18
Q

Define phosphofructokinase

A

The enzyme that increases the breakdown of glucose

19
Q

Define lactate dehydrogenase

A

The enzyme that converts pyruvic acid into lactic acid

20
Q

What is the ATP-PC system?

A

CP is broken down to provide energy required to reproduce 1 ATP.

21
Q

Recovery time for the ATP-PC system

A

3 minutes

22
Q

What is the lactic acid/lactate pathway?

A

Using glucose/glycogen to restore ATP
ADP + Glucose
Anaerobic - no oxygen required

23
Q

Type of reaction for the lactic acid system

A

Anaerobic glycolysis

24
Q

How many ATP does the lactic acid system resynthesize?

A

2-3 ATP

25
Q

Duration of the lactic acid system

A

10s - 2m

26
Q

Recovery time of the lactic acid system

A

1-2 hours

27
Q

When is the lactic acid system used?

A

Stop start games

28
Q

Describe the lactic acid system

A

ATP requires resynthesizing
Glucose is broken down to provide energy to resynthesize ATP
Pyruvate as a bi-product (no oxygen present) so turns into lactic acid
Produces 3 ATP

29
Q

Benefits of the lactic acid system

A

No O2 required - energy can be produced quickly
Greater yield of ATP than ATP-PC system
Lasts longer

30
Q

Disadvantages of the lactic acid system

A

Only lasts for a few minutes
Lactate ends up in muscles
25x more acidic
May affect breakdown of glycogen by denaturing enzymes affecting muscle contractions

31
Q

Type of reaction for the aerobic pathway

A

Aerobic glycolysis

32
Q

Fuel source for the aerobic pathway

A

Glycogen and fat

33
Q

Duration for the aerobic pathway

A

Longer than two minutes

34
Q

Recovery time of the aerobic pathway

A

24-48 hours

35
Q

when is the aerobic pathway used

A

Long distance and endurance

36
Q

Describe the aerobic pathway

A

Same initial stage as the lactic acid system (up to the breaking down of glucose)
Pyruvate in the presence of oxygen is broken down into Acetyl CoA (or can be formed by fats that have been beta-oxidised)
It passes through the Krebs Cycle and the Electron Transmission Chain forming bi-products: CO2, H2O and O2 producing more energy.

37
Q

Benefits of the aerobic pathway

A

Energy for a long period of time (large stores of glycogen and fats)
Yield of ATP is high (34-38)
No harmful waste products

OCR PE (11 decks)

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