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unit 1: diversity Flashcards

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1
Q

prokaryotic meaning of name

A

before nucleus

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2
Q

eukaryotic meaning of name

A

true nucleus

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3
Q

prokaryotic genetic material shape

A

circular

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4
Q

prokaryotic complexity

A

no membrane bound organelles

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5
Q

prokaryotic cell division

A

binary fission

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6
Q

prokaryotic source of genetic variation

A

conjugation, transformation

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7
Q

eukaryotic size

A

100-1000 micrometers

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8
Q

prokaryotic size

A

1-10 micrometers

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9
Q

eukaryotic complexity

A

membrane bound organelles (mitochondria, chloroplast)

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10
Q

eukaryotic cell division

A

mitosis

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11
Q

eukaryotic genetic variation

A

meiosis, sexual reproduction

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12
Q

similarities of eukaryotic and prokaryotic

A
  • cell membrane
  • ribosomes
  • cytoplasm
  • cytoskeleton
  • genetic material
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13
Q

plasmid

A

extra dna, separate from the main stuff, gives extra abilities (ex. antibiotic resistance)

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14
Q

capsule

A

protects -> can form outside numerous prokaryotic cells

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15
Q

cell wall

A

supports and shapes/prevents from bursting

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16
Q

fimbriae

A

attaches to things, adhere to surfacesc

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17
Q

conjugation pilus

A

conjugation, mating, spreading of information

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18
Q

morphology - sphere

A

coccus

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19
Q

morphology - rod

A

bacillus

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20
Q

morphology - spiral

A

spirillum

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21
Q

aggregation - two’s

A

diplo

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22
Q

aggregation - line

A

strepto

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23
Q

aggregation - clump

A

staphylo

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24
Q

archaea vs bacteria

A

both have cell wall
archaea does NOT have peptidoglycan

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25
gram staining -> gram negative
pink -> thin peptidoglycan cell wall with extra outermembrane
26
gram staining -> gram positive
purple -> thick peptidoglycan cell wall
27
heterotroph
absorb or ingest food
28
autotroph
produce own food
29
aerobic environments
in prescence of oxygen
30
anaerobic environments
no oxygen present
31
obligate aerobes
can only survive with oxygen rich environments
32
facultative aerobes
can survive in both
33
obligate anaerobes
can only survive with no oxygen present
34
mesophiles
organisms that live in moderate conditions
35
thermophile
heat loving
36
acidophile
acid loving
37
halophile
salt loving
38
binary fission conditions
conditions are favourable enough food right temp
39
steps to binary fission
1. cell repliates dna 2. cytoplasmic membrane elongates 3. cross wall forms 4. daughter cells
40
conjugation conditions
conditions are not favorable
41
similarities of binary fission and conjugation
occurs in prokaryotic cells replication of DNA
42
viruses
structure that contains strands of nucleic acid surrounded by protein coat
43
are viruses living
no --> not considered living bc 1. not capable of living independently - obligate intracellular parasites - acellular - does not metabolize
44
capsid
protein shell, outer covering
45
nucleic acid
genetic info
46
glycoprotein
key/spikes --> highly specific
47
explain steps to lytic cycle
1. virus binds to the host cell 2. insertion nucleic acid gets inserted 3. biosynthesis 4. assembly 5. release viruses (budding or lysis)
48
explain lysogenic cycle
1. attach 2. inject nucleic acid 3. integration 4. host cell relicates
49
ranks
domain kingdom phyllum class order family genus species
50
taxon
specific name within each rank
51
archaea reproduction
asexual
52
bacteria reproduction
asexual
53
fungi nutrition & reproduction
heterotroph, sexual
54
characteristics of protista
mainly unicellular, eukaryotic, can reproduce both sex & asexually
55
animal like protista
protozoans, heterotrophs
56
plant like protista
autotroph, photosynthesis
57
fungus like protista
absorb nutrients from other organism
58
cerocozoan
uses pseudopods
59
ciliophora
uses cilia to move
60
flagellates
have flagella
61
sporozoans
uses a vector
62
plant like protists
photosynthetic, have pigments in chloroplast, have eyespot to detect light
63
fungus like protists
heterotrophs/decomposers NO CHITIN
64
non vascular plants
live close to ground, no stems
65
vascular plants
have stems
66
angio sperms
have flowers, ovary protects
67
gymnosperm
naked seeds, no ovary to protect
68
monocot
one cotyledon veins are parallel vascular tissue ringed shaped or scattered and random multiples of three no secondary growth fibrous roots
69
dicot
two cotyledon veins branched out xylem in star shape vascular tissue is ring shaped multiples of 4 or 5 taproot root
70
fungus characteristics
heterotrophs chitin multicellular
71
hyphae
one or more fungi cells, absic structural uni
72
mycelium
mass of branching out hyphae
73
fruiting body
what we eat! reproductive structure
74
parasitic fungi
absorb nutrients form the living cells of a host organism
75
predatory
have specialized structures to capture prey
76
mutalistic
have partnerships with other organisms
77
saprobial
feeds on dead/decaying organisms
78
characteristics of classifying animals (8)
1. levels of organization 2. symmetry 3. segmentation 4. movement 5. reproduction 6. backbone 7. number of body layers 8. body cavity
79
genetic diversity
variation of genes within a population
80
species diversity
variation of species within an ecosystem
81
ecosystem diversity
variation of habitats
82
biodiversity dimishing factors:
habitation loss overhunting climate change invasive species monoculture
83
evidence for relatedness
1. anatomical 2. physiological evidence 3. dna evidence

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