Unit 1 Enzymes

Question 1

What are Enzymes and there purpose?

Answer 1

Enzymes: specialized proteins

Purpose: To catalyze (Speed up) reactions
cuz enzymes lower activation energy

Question 2

Describe the area and function of the parts of an enzyme reaction

1. substrate:
2. Product:
3. active site:
4. cofactor:
5. enzyme-substrate complex:

Answer 2

1. substrate: molecules interacting with enzymes
2. Product: what’s being produced ( monomers or polomers/Di idk)
3. active site: where substrate + enzyme make contact
   -reaction between functional group + substrate
   -changes to bind to substrate
4. cofactor: inorganic, non-protein binding to enzyme to help (Contains active site)
5. enzyme-substrate complex: enzyme + substrate
   (like when an sperm fertilizes an egg = a zygote)

Question 3

describe the 2 models of active sites

1. lock and key
2. induced fit

Answer 3

1. lock and key:
   -active site does NOT change to fit substrate
   -substrate fits active site perfectly
2. induced fit
   -active site changes to fit substrate
   -to change reaction between functional group + substrate
   -conformation shape change

Question 4

1. How does temperature affect enzyme activity?

Answer 4

Optinal temperature in human body = 37.5 C

>37.5 C = intra and inter molecular forces broken = denaturing + loss of function

<37.5 C = enzyme inactivity

Question 5

2. How does pH affect enzyme activity?

Answer 5

pH: optimal depends on area in the body (usually 7)

Changes in pH –> change in:
-intra and intermolecular functions
-shape of enzyme
-activity

Question 6

What describe the environment and pH of each enzyme

1. Pepsin:
2. Amylace:
3. Typsin:

Answer 6

1. Pepsin:
   Location: Stomach
   pH: 2-4
2. Amylace:
   Location: mouth
   pH: 7
3. Typsin:
   location: duodenum
   pH:8

Question 7

3. How does the concentration of substrate affect the rate of reaction of enzymes?

Answer 7

increase substrate concentration = increase reaction speed until point of saturation

point of saturation = max # of enzymes are being used
-enzyme=limiting reagent

Question 8

4. How does the concentration of enzymes affect the rate of reaction?

Answer 8

increase in substrate concentration + increase in enzyme concentration = increased reaction speed indefinably