Unit 1A

Question 1

Testable hypothesis

Answer 1

Observable and measurable

Example: inches a plant grows, reaction time, test scores

Question 2

Non Testable hypothesis

Answer 2

Not testable

Example: opinions, emotions of animals, magic

Question 3

Controlled variable/constant

Answer 3

The variable which is constant and unchanged throughout the course of investigation

Question 4

Controlled group

Answer 4

Group kept in normal conditions

Question 5

Independent variable

Answer 5

The variable that is deliberately changed, what the experiment does, sometimes called the experimental variable, on the graph, found on the x axis

Question 6

Dependent variable

Answer 6

The variable that changes as a response to the experiment, the data observations/ information gathered in an experiment, found on the y axis

Question 7

How many independent variables should be tested at one time?

Answer 7

One, because you only change one thing

Question 8

3 types of graphs and when each is used

Answer 8

Line graph- continuous data, shows change over time

Circle graph- shows how parts relate to a whole, percentages

Bar graph- comparison on different things and categories

Question 9

Characteristics of all living things

Answer 9

Made of cells homeostasis, reproduction, uses materials and energy, change over time, universal genetic code, growth and development, response to environment

Question 10

Levels of organization

Answer 10

Cells, organelles, tissues, organs, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere

Question 11

What elements are contained in each of the 4 biomolecules?

Answer 11

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur

Question 12

Monomers for carbohydrates

Answer 12

Monosaccharides, glucose, fructose, galactose,

Question 13

Monomers for proteins

Answer 13

Amino acids

Question 14

Monomers for nucleic acids

Answer 14

Nucleotides

Question 15

Two examples of nucleic acids

Answer 15

DNA and RNA

Question 16

What organic compound is the main source of energy for living things?

Answer 16

Carbohydrates

Question 17

What are the functions of proteins?

Answer 17

Are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs

Question 18

What is the purpose of a peptide bond?

Answer 18

A reaction between two chemicals when the carboxyl group of one reacts with the amino acid group of another, releasing a molecule of water, this is a dehydration synthesis

Question 19

What is the purpose of an enzyme?

Answer 19

Enzymes make it possible for the chemical reactions inside a cell to continue at a fast pace enough for life to continue ; speed up the reactions that take place in cells

Question 20

What does it mean when we say enzymes are substrate specific?

Answer 20

Enzymes bind with chemical reactants called substrates

Question 21

Are enzymes used up in the reaction they catalyze?

Answer 21

No, they can be reused, are not used up

Question 22

3 things all cells contain

Answer 22

DNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm

Question 23

Which 3 scientists contributed to the development of cell theory?

Answer 23

Matthias Schieiden, Rudolf Virchow, Theodor Schwan

Question 24

Principals of cell theory

Answer 24

All organisms are made up of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all organisms, cells arise from living things

Question 25

Difference between plant and animal cells

Answer 25

Plant cells contain chloroplasts, cell wall, and vacuoles

Question 26

2 functions of a nucleus

Answer 26

Stores the cells DNA, coordinates the cells activity which includes growth and reproduction

Question 27

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 27

No nucleus, no organelles (besides the four) example: bacteria

Question 28

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 28

Have a nucleus, can be single celled, protists, fungi, plants, animals

Question 29

What are the two parts of a virus?

Answer 29

Nucleic acid- the core the the virus with DNA or RNA

Protein coat (capsid)- covering over nucleic acid that protects it

Question 30

Why are viruses considered to not be alive?

Answer 30

They lack the ability to reproduce without the aid of a host cell, and don’t use the typical cell division approach to replication

Question 31

What characteristics of living things are found in viruses?

Answer 31

They contain proteins, they contain genetic information, and they evolve and adapt to their host

Question 32

Function of a lysosome

Answer 32

Digest excess or worn out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria

Question 33

Why does a common cold virus affect people, but not cats or dogs?

Answer 33

Dogs can catch colds from other dogs, but not from people because our bodies are different, and are susceptible to other things

Question 34

Functions of a vacuole

Answer 34

Holds materials and wastes, provides structure and support for a growing plant

Question 35

Function of a chloroplast

Answer 35

Work to convert light energy if the sun into sugars to be used by cells

Question 36

Functions of a ribosome

Answer 36

Make proteins needed for many cell functions such as repairing damage or directing chemical processes

Question 37

Function of the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 37

Transportation of synthesized proteins in vesicles to the Golgi apparatus

Question 38

Function of the Golgi apparatus

Answer 38

Bundle macromolecules like proteins and lipids as they are synthesized within the cell

Question 39

Function of the mitochondrion

Answer 39

Produce the energy currency of the cell through respiration and regulate cellular metabolism