Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the hierarchy of the earth?

A
A. Biosphere
B. Ecosystem
     1. biotic
     2. abiotic
C. Community
D. Population
     1. Species
E. Organism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the hierarchy of an organism?

A
A.Organ System
B. Organs
C. Tissues
D. Cells
E. Organelles
F. Molecules
G. Atoms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 4 types of tissues?

A

Connective, Epithelial, Muscle, Nervous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 2 types of cells and what makes them different?

A

Prokaryotic- no nucleus, very simple, no double-membranes

Eukaryotic- nucleus, double membranes, more complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 3 domains?

A

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryota

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 2 groups of bacteria?

A
cyanobacteria (makes own food)
heterotrphic bacteria (doesn't make own food)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 2 groups of archaea?

A

halophiles (able to survive in salty places)

thermophiles (able to withstand high temps)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What organisms are classified as Eukaryotes?

A

Plants, animals, fungi, protists(chromists, aveolates, rhodophytes, flagellates, and basal protists)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What 2 scientists disproved spontaneous generation?

A

Francesco Redi and Louis Pasteur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the cell theory?

A
  1. All life is made of cells

2. All cells come from other cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who is known as the father of microscopy?

A

Anton van Leuwenhoek

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the theory of endosymbiosis?

A

Eukaryotic cells formed from a symbiosis among several different prokaryotic organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What organelles were formed by endosymbiosis ?

A

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How to viruses infect their host?

A

By attaching to the host and injecting its DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do viruses reproduce?

A

By using the host’s raw materials. Viruses can’t reproduce on their own

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Are viruses living?

A

They have some components of living things, but not all, so they are not considered living by most scientists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

True/false

Viruses can be killed.

A

False, anti viral medicine just slows down the virus

18
Q

What are protists?

A

Unicellular or multicellular organisms that don’t have tissues and form the base of the food chain, eukaryotic junk drawer

19
Q

What ways can substances move in and out of the cell?

A
  1. Passive diffusion/transport-requires none of the cell’s energy
  2. Active transport-cell uses it’s own energy to move substances
  3. Proteins remain stuck in the membrane(act as food channels for transport)
20
Q

What is osmosis?

A

movement of water across a membrane, from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

21
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Movement from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

22
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

Cell moves the membrane to surround the substance, pinches off membrane to trap substance in a vesicle inside the cell

23
Q

What is pinocytosis?

A

cell drinking, cell frorms a depression to catch fluids, pinches off membrane and traps fluid in a vesicle

24
Q

What is Exocytosis?

A

To get rid of an unwanted substance, cell puts substance in a vesicle, pushes it through the membrane, vesicle becomes part of the membrane

25
Q

What is a HYPOtonic solution?

A

a solution that has less solute, less concentrated

26
Q

What is a HYPERtonic solution?

A

a solution that has more solute, more concentrated

27
Q

What is an ISOtonic solution?

A

a solution with equal concentration

28
Q

What is cytolysis?

A

When a cell bursts because of too much water flowing into it

29
Q

What is plasmolysis?

A

When a cell loses water and shrivels and shrinks

30
Q

When a cell is hypotonic and it’s environment is hypertonic, which way does the water move?

A

out of the cell

31
Q

When a cell is hypertonic and it’s environment is hypotonic, which way does the water move?

A

into the cell

32
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

Nephron

33
Q

How do they kidneys cleanse the blood?

A

By taking everything out and only adding back what the body needs, the rest is urinated out

34
Q

What is the difference between a negative and positive feedback loop?

A

Negative feedback loops try to regulate around the target set point and positive feedback loops go above the target set point

35
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

Nephron

36
Q

How do they kidneys cleanse the blood?

A

By taking everything out and only adding back what the body needs, the rest is urinated out

37
Q

What is the difference between a negative and positive feedback loop?

A

Negative feedback loops try to regulate around the target set point and positive feedback loops go above the target set point

38
Q

Regulating body temperature is an example of a _____ feedback loop

A

Negative

39
Q

Ripening fruit is an example of a ______ feedback loop

A

Positive

40
Q

What is the general equation for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2+6H2O=C6H12O2+6O2