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Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Arteries

A

The arteries carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart, they are under a great deal of pressure during contractions

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2
Q

Capillaries

A

Oxygen rich blood is emptied from the arteries into microscopically small capillaries which supply every cell in body

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3
Q

Veins

A

Blood that has been depleted of oxygen and loaded with carbon dioxide and other wastes in the capillaries empties in the veins, under much less pressure than blood in an artery

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4
Q

Blood has several functions

A 
Transportation of gases
Nutrition 
Excretion 
Protection
Regulation
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5
Q

Hemorrhage

A

Bleeding, especially severe bleeding

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6
Q

Arterial bleeding

A

Blood coming from heart bright red color, well oxygenated

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7
Q

Venous bleeding

A

Has less pressure behind it than arterial bleeding darker in color and flows steadily rather than spurt

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8
Q

Three types of bleeding

A

Arteries- spurting blood, pulsating flow, bright red color

Veins-steady, slow flow, dark red color

Capillaries- slow even flow

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9
Q

Signs of shock

A

Altered mental status- brain is not receiving oxygen

Pale, cool, and clammy skin-when low on blood, the body pulls blood from non vital areas and brings it to skin

Nausea and vomiting

Vital sign changes- blood pressure will change to pump blood,resparations to increase oxygen, blood pressure drop

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10
Q

Direct pressure

A

First step in bleeding control, done with gloved hand, dressing and gloved hand

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11
Q

Hemostatic agents

A

Products designed to enhance direct pressures ability to control breathing

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12
Q

Tourniquet

A

Used for bleeding control that constricts all blood flow to and from an extremity

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13
Q

Splinting

A

Bleeding with a musculoskeletal injury may be controlled by proper splinting of the injury

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14
Q

Compensated shock

A

When the patient is developing shock but the body is still able to maintain perfusion

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15
Q

Decompensated shock

A

When the body can no longer compensate for low blood volume

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16
Q

Hypovolemic shock

A

Shock results from blood or fluid loss

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17
Q

Neurogenic shock

A

Due to nerve paralysis resulting in the dilation of blood vessels

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18
Q

Contusion

A

A bruise

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19
Q

Hematoma

A

Swelling caused by the collection of blood under the skin or in damaged tissues as a result of an injured or broken blood vessel

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20
Q

Abrasions

A

Simple scrapes and scratches in which the outer skin is damaged but not all layers are penetrated

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21
Q

Lacerations

A

A cut

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22
Q

Avulsion

A

Flaps of skin and tissues are torn loose or pulled off completely

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23
Q

Internal bleeding

A

Bleeding that occurs inside the body
Damage to internal organs and large blood vessels can result in loss of large quantity of blood

Blood loss cannot be seen

Can occur to injuries to the extremities can cause enough tissue to damage and cause shock

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24
Q

Signs of internal bleeding

A 
Injuries to surface of body
Bruising 
Painful swollen or deformed extremities 
Bleeding from the mouth, rectum, vagina or other body orifice
Tender, rigid or distended abdomen 
Dark tarry stools
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25
Causes of shock
Heart fails as a pump Blood volume is lost Blood vessels dilate
26
DCAPP BTLS
``` Deformity- bones Contusion- bruise Abrasions- scratch Penetrations Paradoxical motion-uneven rise and fall of chest ``` Burns Tenderness Laceration-cut Swelling
27
Chest injuries
Blunt trauma Penetration of objects Compression
28
Flail chest
Fracture of two or more adjacent ribs in two or more places that allows for free movement of the fractured segment
29
Sucking chest wound
The patient has a wound to the chest | Patient may be gasping for air
30
Pneumothorax
Air in the chest cavity
31
Tension pneumothorax
Air that enters the chest is prevented from escaping
32
Traumatic asphyxia
Sudden compression of the chest the sternum and the ribs except severe pressure on the heart
33
Cardiac tamponade
When an injury to the heart causes blood flow into the surrounding pericardial sac
34
Commotio cordis
An impact to the chest when the heart is most vulnerable
35
Crush injury
Solid organs like liver and spleen contain large amounts of blood when crushed they bleed and cause shock
36
Puncture wound
Penetration of the skin, bullets, nails, ice picks, knives
37
Avulsions
Tearing away or tearing off of a piece or flap of skin or soft tissue
38
Treating amputations
Take steps to control hemorrhage Wrap in sterile dressing Do not immerse amputated part directly in water or saline
39
Burns
Classified and evaluated in three ways By agent and source By depth By severity
40
Agents and sources of burns
Thermal- flame, radiation,excessive heat Chemicals- various acids Electricity- alternating current, direct current Light-intense light sources Radiological- nuclear sources
41
Superficial burn
A burn that involves only the epidermis
42
Partial thickness burn
A burn in which the epidermis is burned through and the dermis is damaged
43
Full thickness
A burn on which all layers of the skin are damaged usually areas that are charred black or areas that are dry and white
44
Rule of nines
Method for estimating the extent of a burn 9 percent of the body surface Head, neck, chest, upper extremity, abdomen etc the remaining 1 percent is assigned to genital region
45
Minor burns
Full thickness burns less than 2 percent of body surface, excluding the face hands feet genitalia Partial thickness burns of less than 15 percent of body Superficial burns of 50 percent of the body surface or less
46
Universal dressing
A bulky dressing to profuse the bleeding or when large wound must be covered
47
Pressure dressing
A dressing applied tightly to control bleeding
48
Occlusive dressing
Any dressing that forms an airtight seal
49
Hemothorax
Chest cavity fills with blood
50
Hemopneumothorax
Chest cavity fills with both blood and air
51
Evisceration
An intestine or other internal organ protruding through a wound in the abdomen
52
Direct force
Person being struck by automobile causing crushed tissue or fractures twisting or rotational forces can cause stretching or tearing of muscle and ligaments
53
Indirect force
People fall from heights and land on their feet cause injuries to knees, femurs, pelvis and spinal columns
54
Traction splint
Splint that applies constant pull along the leg to go stabilize the fractured bone and reduce muscle spasms
55
Sprain
Caused by stretching or tearing of ligaments
56
Strain
Caused by overstretching or overexertion of the muscle
57
Signs and symptoms of musculoskeletal injuries
``` Pain and tenderness Deformity Grating Swelling Bruising Exposed bone ends Joints locked into ```
58
Comminuted fracture
A fracture in which the bone is broken in several places
59
Green stick fracture
An incomplete fracture
60
6 Ps of assessing compromise to an extremity
``` Pain or tenderness Pallor( pale skin) Paresthsia " pins and needles" Pulses diminished or absent Paralysis or inability to move Pressure ```
61
Direct injuries
Brain being lacerated punctured or bruised by the broken bones or foreign object
62
Indirect injuries
Shock of impact on the skull is transferred to the brain
63
Traumatic brain injury
Injury that disrupts the normal functioning of the brain
64
Perfusion
The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the body's cells and tissues of the flow of blood through the capillaries
65
Diaphoretic
Cool, pale, and moist sweaty skin
66
Tachycardia
Rapid pulse
67
Closed head injuries signs and symptoms
Pupillary abnormalities Hypertension - pressure inside blood vessels that the heart has to pump Bradycardia - when the heart rate is slow
68
Trauma to multiple body systems
Take to trauma center Penetrating injuries to head Chest wall instability Crushed, devolved , mangled pulseless extremity Amputation proximal to wrist or ankle pelvic fractures Paralysis
69
Apneic
Not breathing
70
Treatment of full-thickness burns
Dry, sterile dressings, warmth rapid transport
71
Chemical burns to eyes
Continuously flush with saline for 20 at least 20 min Cover both eyes

Emt (9 decks)

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