Unit 2 - Aldosterone and Natriuretic Polypeptide Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Unit 2 - Aldosterone and Natriuretic Polypeptide Deck (17)
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1
Q

What is the chemical nature of aldosterone?

A

mineralcorticoid

2
Q

What part of the adrenal gland secretes aldosterone?

A

zona glomerulosa

3
Q

What are the major triggers of aldosterone secretion?

A

decrease in blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate

4
Q

What are the major functions of aldosterone?

A

sustaining extracellular fluid volume by conserving body sodium and preventing the overload of potassium by accelerating its excretion

5
Q

What does the decrease in blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate stimulate the release of?

A

Renin from juxtaglomerular cells

6
Q

What is the function of Renin?

A

it catalyzes the conversion of angiotensinogen and angiotensin I

7
Q

What is ACE and what does it do?

A

angiotensin converting enzyme which converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II ad III

8
Q

What are the cellular effects of aldosterone?

A

stimulation of ATP production, stimulate the permeability of sodium channels, and are involved in the synthesis of Na pumps to pump Na out

9
Q

Why is a bilateral adrenalectomy fatal?

A

Removing both adrenal glands causes a decrease in aldosterone which causes Na loss and K and H retention which leads to water loss (both extracellular and intracellular fluid) which leads to peripheral circulatory failure/renal failure

10
Q

What is the chemical nature of ANP?

A

natriuretic peptide

11
Q

What is ANP released from?

A

atrial myocytes

12
Q

What are the causes for secretion of ANP?

A

it is secreted in response to atrial stretch due to hypervolemia, hypertension, or hypernatremia

13
Q

What is the function of ANP?

A

it reduces Na and fluid levels; natriuresis and diuresis

14
Q

What is Addison’s like disease?

A

Adrenocortical insufficiency (hypoadrenocorticism)

15
Q

What are symptoms commonly seen with Adisson’s-like disease?

A

it imitates symptoms of other diseases; hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, decrease in Na/K ratio, increase in ACTH, decrease in cortisol, decrease in aldosterone, acidemia

16
Q

What are the most common causes of Addison’s like disease?

A

autoimmune destruction of adrenal cortex, latrogenic or prolonged glucocorticoid administration

17
Q

How would you treat Addison’s like disease?

A

prednisone and 9a-flucocortisol if needed