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Theory 2 > Unit 2 Ch 34 Lower GI disorders > Flashcards

Unit 2 Ch 34 Lower GI disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Lower G.I. system

A

Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
Anus

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2
Q

What does the small intestine do?

A

Absorbs nutrients

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3
Q

What does the large intestine do?

A

Absorbs water, and gathers undigested material

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4
Q

Appendicitis

A

Inflammation of the appendix
Pain in the right lower quadrant

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5
Q

Signs and symptoms of appendicitis

A

Fever, nausea, vomiting, anorexia pain in the right lower quadrant

McBurney point

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6
Q

Diagnostic test for appendicitis

A

Complete blood count
Checking for neutrophil being increased
Ultrasound or MRI

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7
Q

What is Rovig sign?

A

Where you put pressure on one side but you feel pain on the opposite side

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8
Q

Therapeutic interventions for appendicitis

A

NPO
Surgery

Complications could include an abscess

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9
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Inflammation and infection of the diverticulum

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10
Q

Diverticulosis

A

Multiple diverticula

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11
Q

Diverticulum

A

Outpouching of a bowel mucus membrane

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12
Q

Causes of diverticulosis and diverticulitis

A

Chronic constipation
Decrease intake of dietary fiber

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13
Q

Risk factors for diverticulosis and diverticulitis

A

Low fiber, and high animal fat diet
Obesity
Sedentary lifestyle
Smoking
Medication’s

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14
Q

Signs and symptoms of diverticulosis and diverticulitis

A

No symptoms
Constipation or diarrhea
Cramping
Bleeding
Abdominal tenderness

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15
Q

Diagnostic testing for diverticulosis and diverticulitis

A

Flexible, sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy
CT scan

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16
Q

Therapeutic interventions, for mild cases of diverticulosis and diverticulitis

A

Tylenol antibiotics liquid diet

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17
Q

Therapeutic interventions, for severe cases of diverticulosis and diverticulitis

A

Pain control
NPO
IV antibiotics
IV. Fluids and nutrients.
Surgery

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18
Q

Diverticulum

A

Singular

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19
Q

Diverticulosis

A

More than one

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20
Q

Other concerns of appendicitis

A

Rupture or perforation, where contents spill into cavity peritonitis

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21
Q

If the appendix ruptures

A

Symptoms will disappear and they cannot have surgery until infection is controlled

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22
Q

Medication for diverticulosis or diverticulitis

A

NSAID opioids steroids

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23
Q

Diverticulosis

A

Out pouches

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24
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Means it’s inflamed or infected

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25
Crohn disease
Autoimmune inflammatory bowel disease Involves any part of the intestine Remissions and exacerbations Causes unknown Hereditary
26
Crohn’s disease, signs and symptoms
Abdominal pain or cramping Weight loss Diarrhea Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
27
Crohn’s disease diagnostic testing
Laboratory testing Endoscopy with biopsy Ultrasound CT MRI
28
Therapeutic interventions for Crohn’s disease
Medication’s 5-aminosalicylates Anti-diarrhea Biologic response modifiers Corticosteroids Immunomodulators Avoid offending foods Surgery if necessary Elemental formula or parental nutrition Support and education
29
Complications of Crohn’s disease
Malnutrition Obstruct Fissures Abscess Fistula Perforation Bleeding
30
Ulcerative colitis
Inflammatory bowel disease Affects large intestines and rectum remissions and exacerbations occur Exact cause unknown Infection, allergy and autoimmune response possible
31
Signs and symptoms of ulcerative colitis
Abdominal pain 5 to 10 liquid stools daily Rectal bleeding Fecal urgency Anorexia Weight loss Cramping Vomiting Fever Dehydration 
32
Complications of ulcerative colitis
Hemorrhage Toxic megacolon Perforation peritonitis Osteoporosis Increase risk of colorectal cancer
33
Ulcerative, colitis diagnostic testing
CBC Stool specimen Electrolytes Protein level Colonoscopy with biopsy Leukocyte scintigraphy 
34
Ulcerative colitis therapeutic interventions
Avoid offending foods Medications 5 aminosalicylates Antidiarrheals Biologic response modifiers corticosteroids Immunomodulators
35
Abdominal hernias
Protrusion of organ or structure through weakness, or tear in wall of abdomen Weakness in abdominal wall with increased intra-abdominal pressure
36
Types of abdominal hernias
Umbilical Inguinal, direct, or indirect Femoral
37
Signs and symptoms of abdominal hernias
Could be no symptoms Bulging Complications would include strangulated, incarcerated, hernia this is a medical emergency
38
Strangulated incarcerated hernia
Pain Nausea and vomiting Increased temperature The strangulation is cutting off blood and oxygen perfusion
39
Therapeutic interventions for abdominal hernias
None Observation Support devices binders Surgery
40
Teachings for abdominal hernias
Lifting No coughing or lifting Support devices Lose weight No smoking High fiber
41
Hemiorrhaphy
Surgery for abdominal hernias
42
Hemioplasty
The use of mesh for a abdominal hernia surgery
43
Education for abdominal hernias
No coughing or lifting Signs of complications Support garments No smoking High fiber Deep breathing Incentive spirometer
44
Intestinal obstruction
Flow of intestinal contents is blocked Partial or complete where everything stops Mechanical blocking Nonmechanical Small intestine is more involved with flatus and gas
45
A mechanical obstruction
Blockage occurs within the intestine Bowel sounds are high-pitched, tingling You will hear something
46
Non-mechanical obstruction
Parastasis is impaired Bowel sounds are absent You will not hear anything
47
Intussusception
The bowel Seeps and telescopes back
48
Volvulus
Where the bowel is twisted
49
Signs and symptoms of an intestinal obstruction
Abdominal pain Blood and mucus rectum Feces and flatus cease Fecal vomiting may occur Abdominal distention Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
50
What to do in a ball obstruction with abdominal distention
Use an NG tube to relieve pressure with low suction tube should be in the stomach
51
When there is a intestinal obstruction and fluid and electrolyte and balances
Do labs Check skin trigger And do weights
52
What should be the pH of the stomach with an NG tube?
0-5.5
53
Diagnostic test for an intestinal obstruction
Abdominal x-ray CT scan CBC and electrolytes
54
Intestinal obstruction therapeutic interventions
NPO Oral care NG tube Fluid and electrolyte replacement Medication Antibiotics Antiemetics Analgesics Surgery
55
Antiemetics
Stop nausea and vomiting
56
Ostomy
Surgically created, opening divert stool, or urine to outside the body
57
Stoma
The portion of the bowel sutured into the abdomen
58
Ileostomy
Small intestine
59
Colonoscopy
Large intestine
60
Ileostomy contents
Contain higher discharge that are liquid non-formed and constantly drain
61
Colonoscopy contents
Semi solid or liquid depending on placement
62
Ileostomy
Terminal ilium to abdomen wall after total cholectomy
63
Types of ileostomies
Conventional Small Soma in right lower quadrant Continuous flow of liquid effluent Continent, ileostomy, Kock pouch Internal reservoir with nipple valve Empty reservoir 3 to 4 times daily Ilioanal, ileorectal anastomosis
64
Ileana anastomosis
J pouch
65
Colostomy
Effluent, becomes less liquid and more solid, as location of ostomy, becomes more distal in colon
66
End, stoma colostomy
Proximal bowel end brought to abdominal wall
67
Loop stoma
Loop of bowel outside abdomen with bridge under it
68
Double barrel stoma
Temporary ostomy Both ends of colon outside abdominal wall from two stomas Proximal stoma is functioning Distal stoma is mucus fistula

Theory 2 (6 decks)

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