Unit 3 Exam

Question 1

Three Sisters

Answer 1

Corn, beans, squash

Question 2

Corn

Answer 2

grows tall, provides infrastructure for beans to grow on, access deep water with roots, carbohydrates

Question 3

Beans

Answer 3

use corn stalk as support, fix nitrogen, protein

Question 4

Squash

Answer 4

spreads out low, suppresses weeds, retains soil moisture, shallow roots prevent soil erosion, vitamins, fiber

Question 5

Modifying Plants to Fit the Land

Answer 5

sustainable soil health, preservation of biodiversity

Question 6

Fourth Sister

Answer 6

Gardener

Question 7

Complete Flowers

Answer 7

all four floral appendages: sepals, petals, stamens, carpels (pistil)

Question 8

Incomplete Flowers

Answer 8

lack at least one appendage

Question 9

Sepals

Answer 9

outermost floral appendage, modified leaves surround maturing flower, protect the bud, together are “calyx”

Question 10

Petals

Answer 10

located above the sepals on the receptacle, contain pigments, attract pollinators, collectively are corolla

Question 11

Perianth

Answer 11

sepals and petals

Question 12

Stamens

Answer 12

Above petals, called androecium, two parts (anther/filament), diploid until meiosis, microspores form pollen

Question 13

Carpels

Answer 13

collectively gynoecium, contain the stigma, style, and ovary

Question 14

Stigma

Answer 14

catches pollen grains

Question 15

Style

Answer 15

elevates the stigma

Question 16

Ovary

Answer 16

where megaspores are produced

Question 17

Placentae

Answer 17

bear small structures called ovules

Question 18

Ovule

Answer 18

develops into a seed after fertilized, surrounds ovary develops into a fruit

Question 19

Inferior Ovaries

Answer 19

fused bases of stamens, petals, and sepals (epigynous)

Question 20

Superior Ovaries

Answer 20

ovary sits above the other floral parts (hypogynous)

Question 21

Intermediate

Answer 21

partially buried ovaries are half-inferior (perigynous)

Question 22

The primary function of a sepal is:

Answer 22

Protection

Question 23

Cross-pollination

Answer 23

pollen from a different individual

Question 24

Self-pollination

Answer 24

pollen from the same flower or another on the same plant

Question 25

Compatibility Barriers

Answer 25

Chemical reactions between pollen and carpals that prevent pollen tube growth

Question 26

Imperfect Flower

Answer 26

lack either stamens and carpels

Question 27

Dioecious Species

Answer 27

individual plants produce only staminate flowers or carpellate flowers, ensures cross-pollination

Question 28

Monoecy

Answer 28

condition of having staminate flowers located on the same plant as the carpellate

Question 29

Actinomorphic Flowers

Answer 29

radially symmetrical

Question 30

Zygomorphic Flowers

Answer 30

Flowers that coevolved with animals are often bilaterally symmetrical, like their pollinators, easier for animals to interact with

Question 31

Bat-Pollinated Flowers

Answer 31

large, bell-shaped, smelly, "pollination syndromes"

Question 32

A flower without petals is most likely pollinated by:

Answer 32

wind

Question 33

Wind-pollinated Flowers

Answer 33

usually have no petals and reduced or absent sepals, huge number of pollen grains, large, feathery stigmas increase the area, dense populations

Question 34

Inflorescence

Answer 34

smaller flowers with fewer ovules grouped together

Question 35

Alternation of Generations

Answer 35

Sporophyte, gametophyte

Question 36

Microgametophyte

Answer 36

pollen

Question 37

Megagametophyte

Answer 37

egg

Question 38

Microspores

Answer 38

anther, matures into a pollen

Question 39

Megaspores

Answer 39

ovule, only one variable, divides 3 times to make 8 nuclei, one cell becomes an egg

Question 40

Pollen Grain

Answer 40

Produces two sperm

Question 41

Where is meiosis occurring (Angiosperm)?

Answer 41

Sporangia (produces haploid spores (anthers/ovaries))

Question 42

Where is mitosis occurring (Angiosperm)?

Answer 42

Microspore -> pollen Megaspore -> embryo sac

Question 43

Endosperm (3n)

Answer 43

formed by double fertilization, undergoes mitotic division for nutrient storage

Question 44

Where is fertilization (Angiosperms)?

Answer 44

ovule (inside the ovary)

Question 45

Sporophyte (angiosperm)

Answer 45

2n

Question 46

Microsporophyte (angiosperm)

Answer 46

2n

Question 47

Megasporocyte (angiosperm)

Answer 47

2n

Question 48

Microspore (angiosperm)

Answer 48

n

Question 49

Megaspore (angiosperm)

Answer 49

n

Question 50

Pollen grain (angiosperm)

Answer 50

n

Question 51

Embryo sac (angiosperm)

Answer 51

n

Question 52

Pollen Tube

Answer 52

penetrates into the stigma and makes its way to the ovule

Question 53

Embryo Sac

Answer 53

eight cells

Question 54

Plasmogamy

Answer 54

fusion of the protoplasts of the gametes

Question 55

Karyogamy

Answer 55

fusion of the nuclei

Question 56

Monobiontic

Answer 56

one stage with mitosis

Question 57

Dibiontic

Answer 57

two stages with mitosis

Question 58

Anisogamy

Answer 58

gametes are slightly different

Question 59

Oogamy

Answer 59

gametes are very different: sperm and egg

Question 60

Chlamydomonas Life Cycle

Answer 60

monobiontic, haploid dominant, isogamous

Question 61

Ulva Life Cycle

Answer 61

dibiontic, diplohaplontic, isogamous, isomorphic

Question 62

Derbesia Life Cycle

Answer 62

dibiontic, alternation of generations, angisogamous, heteromorphic

Question 63

Focus Life Cycle

Answer 63

monobiontic, diplontic, oogamous

Question 64

Green Algae

Answer 64

closely related to land plants, most diverse body plans

Question 65

Red Algae

Answer 65

contain phycobilin accessory pigments that are aggregated in phycobilisomes

Question 66

Brown Algae

Answer 66

almost exclusively marine, only a few freshwater species are known

Question 67

Macroalgae Structure

Answer 67

blade, pneumatocyst, stipe, holdfast

Question 68

Challenges of Growing Under Water

Answer 68

salinity, gas exchange, light attenuation

Question 69

Fucoxanthin

Answer 69

brown algae pigment, twice as much as chlorophyll, harvests blue and green light, makes brown algae brown

Question 70

Algae Consumption

Answer 70

source of VitB12, protein, minerals, omegas

Question 71

Dry Adaptations

Answer 71

vascular system, cuticle, stomatal control, bark, DT

Question 72

DT

Answer 72

most seeds and spores are DT, most nonvascular plants are DT, a few vascular plants are DT (hornworts, mosses, liverworts)

Question 73

Liverworts

Answer 73

no stomata, Hepatophyta

Question 74

Mosses

Answer 74

Bryophyta

Question 75

Hornworts

Answer 75

Anthocerotophyta

Question 76

Lycophytes (club mosses)

Answer 76

vascular system, microphylls (tiny leaves), resurrection plant

Question 77

Rhizoids

Answer 77

base of the stem (anchor gametophyte)

Question 78

Protonema Filament

Answer 78

gives rise to multiple gametophores

Question 79

Foot

Answer 79

the interface with the gametophore

Question 80

Capsule

Answer 80

single sporangium where spores are produced

Question 81

Seta

Answer 81

between the foot and the sporangium