UNIT 3: Nasal Cavity, Oral Cavity and Sinuses

Question 1

what shell shaped projections are found on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity? what is their function?

Answer 1

conchae - superior, middle, inferior

warm and moisturise air to reduce core cooling

Question 2

what are the spaces located inferior to each concha?

Answer 2

meatus

Question 3

what are the four paranasal sinuses?

Answer 3

• ethmoid
• frontal
• maxillary
• sphenoid

Question 4

which meatus does the ethmoid sinus drain into?

Answer 4

superior and middle meatus

Question 5

where do the posterior ethmoidal cells open onto?

Answer 5

ethmoidal bulla

Question 6

which meatus does the frontal sinus drain into?

Answer 6

middle meatus

Question 7

which meatus does the maxillary sinus drain into?

Answer 7

middle meatus

Question 8

which meatus does the sphenoid sinus drain into?

Answer 8

spheno-ethmoidal recess

Question 9

what is the depression on the middle meatus called that the frontal and maxillary drain into?

Answer 9

hiatus semilunaris (semilunar hiatus)

Question 10

what structure opens onto the lateral wall of the inferior meatus?

Answer 10

nasolacrimal duct

Question 11

what structure can be found behind the conchae that connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx?

Answer 11

eustachian tube / pharyngotympanic tube

Question 12

what is the name of the condition where there is increased secretions and inflammation of sinuses?

Answer 12

sinusitis

Question 13

what is the consequence of ethmoid sinusitis?

Answer 13

break wall of orbit - cause blindness

Question 14

what is the consequence of frontal sinusitis?

Answer 14

osteomyelitis (infection of bone)

meningitis

Question 15

what is the root of the tongue attached to?

Answer 15

hyoid bone and mandible

Question 16

what are the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 16

intrinsic: superior/ inferior longitudinal, transverse, vertical
extrinsic: genioglossus, hyoglossus, palatoglossus, styloglossus

Question 17

which nerve supplies motor innervation to the muscles of the tongue? which muscle is the exception/

Answer 17

hypoglossal - cranial nerve XII

palatoglossus supplied by vagus nerve

Question 18

how would you test for hypoglossal nerve?

Answer 18

stick tongue out check for wasting/ fasciculations if tongue deviates to either side - suggests weakening of muscles

Question 19

which nerve supplies general sensation to the tongue?

Answer 19

trigeminal nerve - mandibular V3

Question 20

which nerve supplies special sensation to the tongue?

Answer 20

chorda tympani nerve of facial nerve

Question 21

what is the structure separating the nasal and oral cavity and what is its innervation?

Answer 21

hard palate (bony) - innervated by greater palatine and nasopalatine nerves

Question 22

what other structure forms the roof of the mouth? give its function and innervation

Answer 22

soft palate (muscular)- separates nasopharynx from oropharynx and acts as valve to control oropharyngeal isthmus
innervated by lesser palatine nerves

Question 23

what muscles are found within the soft palate?

Answer 23

tensor veli palatini
levator veli palatini
- innervated by mandibular nerve of trigeminal nerve

Question 24

what structures form the borders of the oropharyngeal isthmus?

Answer 24

superior: soft palate
inferior: tongue
lateral: palatoglossal arches

Question 25

between what structures are the tonsils located?

Answer 25

between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches

Question 26

what is the name of the muscles that depress the soft palate and close oropharyngeal isthmus?

Answer 26

palatoglossus

palatopharyngeus

Question 27

what is the name of the line which divides the tongue into anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3?

Answer 27

sulcus terminalis

Question 28

what are the four types of tastebuds?

Answer 28

foliate papillae
circumvallate papillae
fungiform papillae
filiform papillae

Question 29

where does the nasolacrimal duct drain into?

Answer 29

inferior meatus