unit 3: the periodic table

Question 1

when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number. there’s a periodic repetition of physical and chemical properties

Answer 1

periodic law

Question 2

atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons in order to have a full outer energy level (with 8 electrons usually )

Answer 2

octet rule

Question 3

H and He only needs 2 valence electrons

Answer 3

duet rule

Question 4

atoms that gain or lose electrons and carry a charge

Answer 4

ions

Question 5

positive ions

Answer 5

cations

Question 6

the amount of energy required to remove an electron

Answer 6

ionization energy

Question 6

a way to measure the volume and an atom

Answer 6

atomic radius

Question 6

second ionization energy level

Answer 6

higher energy = harder to remove

Question 6

how can trends in the periodic table be explained?

Answer 6

strength of the nucleus (number of protons)
amount of shielding (energy levels)

Question 6

first ionization energy level

Answer 6

low energy = easy to remove

Question 7

third ionization energy level

Answer 7

very high energy

Question 7

the ability of an atom to attract electrons to itself

Answer 7

electronegativity

Question 7

how was the early periodic table organized?

Answer 7

elements organized by increasing atomic mass
arranged so elements with similar properties were side by side

Question 7

why was Mendeleev’s periodic table so widely accepted as accurate?

Answer 7

he accuratelty predicted properties of elements that hadn’t been discovered

Question 7

ionization energy is usually used to describe…

Answer 7

metals

Question 7

what are observable properties of metals?

Answer 7

shiny
ductile
malleable
conduct electricity well

Question 7

how is our modern periodic table organized?

Answer 7

arranged by increasing atomic number
arranged to show similarities in physical and chemical properties

Question 8

what are nonmetal observable properties?

Answer 8

dull
brittle
don’t conduct electricity well

Question 9

substances that can sometimes act like a metal and sometimes act like a nonmetal

Answer 9

metalloid

Question 10

examples of metalloids

Answer 10

silicon: shiny, conducts but shatters

Question 10

metals non-observable products

Answer 10

hold valence electrons loosely in a chemical reaction
give valence electrons up to nonmetals

Question 11

nonmetals non-observable properties

Answer 11

hold valence electrons tightly in chemical reactions
gain electrons from metals and share electrons with other nonmetals

Question 12

metals ____ electrons and become more _____

Answer 12

lose; positive

Question 13

nonmetals _____ electrons and become more _____

Answer 13

gain; negative

Question 14

electrons are ____

Answer 14

negative

Question 15

what does strength of the nucleus mean

Answer 15

as the number of protons in the nucleus increase, the nucleus is more attractive to electrons

Question 16

what does amount of shielding mean?

Answer 16

shielding = blocking; if electrons are shielded, they won't feel the attractive pull of the nucleus

Question 17

what happens in atomic radius as you move from left to right?

Answer 17

nuclear charge increases, but shielding doesn't. the nucleus gets stronger and all electrons in the period feel the same draw toward the nucleus

Question 17

period trend IE (left to right)

Answer 17

nuclear charge increases but shielding doesn't; nucleus gets stronger and electrons held more tightly, making harder to remove

Question 17

group trend of IE (up to down)

Answer 17

nuclear and shielding increases electrons in outer energy levels more shielded and don't experience full attractiveness of the nucleus; easier to pull them away

Question 18

do noble gases have EN measured?

Answer 18

no

Question 19

what happens to EN as it moves from top to bottom?

Answer 19

number of protons and energy levels increases, so does nuclear charging and shielding electrons in outer energy levels are more shielded and aren't as attracted to the nucleus

Question 20

what happens to EN as it moves from left to right?

Answer 20

nuclear charge increases, but shielding doesn't nucleus gets stronger and is better able to attract the nucleus

Question 21

what's the highest EN?

Answer 21

fluorine 1st IE marker element smallest radius

Question 22

what's the lowest EN?

Answer 22

francium

Question 23

group 1 of PT

Answer 23

alkali metals lose 1 electron

Question 24

group 2 of PT

Answer 24

alkaline earth metals lose 2 electrons

Question 25

group 13 of PT

Answer 25

lose 3 electrons

Question 26

group 3 - 12 of PT

Answer 26

transition elements

Question 27

group 14 of PT

Answer 27

+ or - 4 electrons needs 4 electrons to have a full outer energy level and usually does this by sharing

Question 28

group 15 of PT

Answer 28

gain 3 electrons

Question 29

group 16 of PT

Answer 29

gains 2 electrons

Question 30

group 17 of PT

Answer 30

gains 1 electron halogen

Question 31

group 18 of PT

Answer 31

already has full outer energy level so no need to gain or lose electrons noble gas

Question 32

what is right of the staircase on PT

Answer 32

nonmetals

Question 33

what is left of the staircase on PT

Answer 33

metals

Question 34

what elements make up the staircase PT

Answer 34

B Si Ge As Sb Te At

Question 35

is lanthanides top or bottom

Answer 35

top

Question 36

are actinides top or bottom

Answer 36

bottom