Unit 4-6

Question 1

What is the goal of bonding?

Answer 1

For an atom to become more stable

Question 2

Molecules are _____ compounds.

Answer 2

Covalent

Question 3

Physical characteristics of ionic compounds (trends):

Answer 3

Very high melting and boiling points, good conductors of heat and electricity, and many ionic compounds are soluble in water and an electrolyte: conducts electricity when interacting with water

Question 4

_____ compounds contain metals and nonmetals

Answer 4

Ionic

Question 5

_____ compounds contain all nonmetals

Answer 5

Covalent

Question 6

When naming compounds, prefixes are for _____ compounds

Answer 6

Covalent (only)

Question 7

When an atom becomes an ion it’s _____ changes.

Answer 7

Electronic configuration

Question 8

List the metal elements with fixed ionic charges:

Answer 8

Groups 1 and 2, period 2-6.

Al^3+, Ga^3+, Zn^2+, Cd^2+, Ag+

Question 9

Nonmetal anions all have _____ charges.

Answer 9

Fixed

Question 10

_____ determine(s) chemical properties and physical properties of an element.

Answer 10

Valence electrons

Question 11

_____ change number of electrons.

Answer 11

Ions

Question 12

_____ change number of neutrons.

Answer 12

Isotopes

Question 13

All ionic compounds must have an overall charge of _____.

Answer 13

0

Question 14

Is the cation or anion written first in a formula?

Answer 14

Cation

Question 15

Roman numerals are used for elements without _____.

Answer 15

Fixed charges

Question 16

_____ are the only two positively charged ions.

Answer 16

Polyatomic cations (hydronium and ammonium)

Question 17

Covalent compounds _____ electrons

Answer 17

Share

Question 18

Ionic compounds _____ ions.

Answer 18

Steal

Question 19

Molecular geometry is based on the _____ between pairs of electrons.

Answer 19

Repulsion

Question 20

The most stable arrangement for a Lewis structure is with pairs of electrons (bonds or lone pairs) _____ each other.

Answer 20

Farthest from

Question 21

In a Lewis structure, if there are no lone pairs around a central atom, and there are only two atoms, the bond is _____.

Answer 21

Linear

Question 22

3 atoms and one lone pair create what shape around an atom in a Lewis structure?

Answer 22

Trigonal pyramidal (107 degree angle)

Question 23

2 atoms and 2 lone pairs create what kind of shape around an atom in a Lewis structure?

Answer 23

Bent shape (105 degree angle)

Question 24

4 atoms and 0 lone pairs create what shape around an atom in a Lewis structure?

Answer 24

Tetrahedral (109.5 degree angle)

Question 25

The polarity of _____ affects physical and chemical properties.

Answer 25

Molecules! (This is called electronegativity)

Question 26

Electronegativity defines the attraction between _____ and _____.

Answer 26

Atoms and electrons

Question 27

Electronegativity has an attraction measure of _____.

Answer 27

0.0-4.0

Question 28

Atoms bound to themselves have ___ electronegativity attraction.

Answer 28

0

Question 29

List the bond type and it’s measure: = or near = sharing of electrons.

Answer 29

Nonpolar covalent (0.0-0.4)

Question 30

List the bond type and it’s measure: Unequal sharing of electrons

Answer 30

Polar covalent (0.5-1.5)

Question 31

List the bond type and it’s measure: Ionic IF it’s a metal Polar IF it’s a nonmetal

Answer 31

Ionic or polar covalent (1.6-2.0)

Question 32

List the bond type and it’s measure: Very unequal sharing of electrons

Answer 32

Ionic (2.1-4.0)

Question 33

3 atoms bound to a central atom with 0 lone pairs forms a _____

Answer 33

Triagonal planer shape

Question 34

0-0.4 is what bond type?

Answer 34

Nonpolar covalent

Question 35

.5-1.5 is what type of bond?

Answer 35

Polar covalent

Question 36

1-6-2.0 is what type of bond?

Answer 36

Ionic OR polar covalent depending on if metals are involved.

Question 37

2.1-4.0 is what type of bond?

Answer 37

Ionic!

Question 38

The polarity of a molecule is determined by _____.

Answer 38

Shape

Question 39

Avogadro’s number is:

Answer 39

6.022 x 10^23 particles / 1 mol

Question 40

Amu = x / x

Answer 40

1.66 x 10^-27

Question 41

``` Any time you convert •element to element •element to compound •compound to compound You must use _____. ```

Answer 41

Molar ratios

Question 42

A mole refers to 6.022 x 10^23 _____, _____, or _____.

Answer 42

Atoms, molecules, particles, or ions

Question 43

Molar mass is in units of:

Answer 43

G/1 mol

Question 44

Breaking and forming bonds are associated with what type of reaction?

Answer 44

Chemical

Question 45

Only physical means are needed to separate _____ _____.

Answer 45

Ionic compounds

Question 46

Breaking _____ _____ requires a chemical reaction.

Answer 46

Covalent bonds

Question 47

12 g carbon contains how many particles?

Answer 47

6.022 x 10^23

Question 48

Oxidation _____ electrons

Answer 48

Loses (becomes +)

Question 49

Reduction _____ electrons.

Answer 49

Gains (becomes -)

Question 50

List characteristics of covalent bonds:

Answer 50

Low boiling and melting point, poor conductors of heat and electricity

Question 51

Percent yield is:

Answer 51

Experimental (actual) yield/ theoretical yield= x multiplied by 100