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Unit 4 Mollusk And Annelids Flashcards

0
Q

What does pelecypoda mean

A

Hatchet shaped foot

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1
Q

What does Gastropoda mean

A

Stomach foot

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2
Q

What does cephalopoda mean

A

Head foot

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3
Q

What are the key evolutionary advances of mollusca

A

Systems and eucoelomate

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4
Q

What habitats do mollusk occupy?

A

Everywhere except deserts and arctic terrestrials

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5
Q

What are the three keys of the general body plan of mollusk?

A

Bilateral, eucoelomate, protostome.

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6
Q

What does protostome mean?

A

Mouth develops first, not anus.

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7
Q

What are the three body regions of the mollusk

A

Head, foot, and visceral mass

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8
Q

What does the head/foot contain?

A

Feeding, cephalic sensory, and locomotor organs. Needs muscular contractions to function.

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9
Q

What does the visceral mass contain?

A

Digestive, circulatory, respiratory, and reproductive organs. Needs ciliary movement to function.

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10
Q

Radula

A

Rasping tongue with teeth on it that face backwards. Rips and tears tissues and constantly has to replace the teeth.

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11
Q

What are the functions of the foot?

A

Movement, protection, pickup things, and reproduction (arm penis)

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12
Q

What is blood hydraulics.

A

Mollusk fills/engorges foot with blood.

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13
Q

Mantle

A

Fleshy layer of tissue on dorsal body wall. Surrounds mantle cavity, houses gills and lungs.

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14
Q

What secretes the shell?

A

The mantle

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15
Q

What is the mantle divided into?

A

Incurrent and excurrent siphons.

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16
Q

Periostracum layer

A

Outer horny layer, forms ligament that attaches the two halves of shell.

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17
Q

Prismatic layer

A

Middle layer of shell, thickest and bone like.

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18
Q

Nacreous layer

A

Inner layer, smooth and shiny, is secreted continuously.

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19
Q

Nacer

A

Used to form nacreous layer and pearls.

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20
Q

Mollusk nervous system

A

Has ganglia, connecting nerve cords, and neurosecratory cells.

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21
Q

Neurosecratory cells

A

Nerves that secrete hormones.

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22
Q

Trochophores

A

Free swimming, ciliated larva.

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23
Q

Are trochophores exclusively present in mollusk or Annelids?

A

Mixture of both. It suggest a common ancestor.

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24
Veliger
Free swimming form of bivalves and gastropods. Is when the trochophore develops in the egg and hatches out.
25
Nutritional mode of gastropods
Herbivore, carnivore, detrivore
26
Univalve
Have a single shell, is their chief form of defense.
27
Operculum
Leather plate of dorsal side of gastropods shell.
28
What does the operculum do?
Hides body in the shell and helps prevent dessication.
29
Torsion
The body has curled back on itself in the shells of gastropods.
30
What problem does torsion create?
Causes the anus to be by the gills, which causes waste to flow into them.
31
How was the problem with torsion solved?
Gastropods developed to only have gills on one side of the body so they can angle their bodies in the current and have the waste flow over the other side.
32
Dextral
Right handed coiling
33
Sinistral
Left handed coiling
34
How do you figure out which way the coiling is?
Point the coil away from you, face operculum up.
35
What is coiling?
The evolution of the gastropod to be able to grow a balanced shell that is also protective.
36
What sensory structures do gastropods have?
Eyes/photoreceptors at the end of their tentacles Statocyst Tactile organs Chemoreceptors
37
Statocyst
Detect equilibrium
38
Tactile organs
Sense touch
39
Chemoreceptors
Sense smell
40
What propels gastropods?
Muscular peristalsis of the foot
41
What is nephridia
Kidney
42
Love darts
Snails stab each other in brain with the love darts on their head during sex. Whoever gets stabbed gets pregnant.
43
What do love darts prohibit
The ability of the gastropod to kill sperm, because it injects enzymes into the brain.
44
What is bivalve another name for
Pelecypoda
45
Umbo
Notch between anterior and dorsal side of bivalve shell.
46
What is the oldest part of the shell of a bivalve
The umbo
47
How does a pearl form?
Sand gets stuck between the nacreous layer and the mantle. The bivalve covers the sane in nacre.
48
Nutritional mode of pelecypoda
Filter Feeding
49
Gill palps
Pull sand off bivalve gills
50
Crystalline style
Stick in the stomach of bivalves that helps stir up the stomach
51
Where do bivalves digest protein and fat
Intercellularly
52
Where do bivalves digest carbs
Extracellularly in the stomach
53
Sinus
Open cavity where blood bathes organ directly
54
Pattern of blood flow in bivalves
Heart-artery-capillary or sinus-veins -kidney -gills -heart
55
What kind of sense organs do bivalves have?
Statocyste in foot, tactile cells, pigment cells
56
What do scallops have that are special
Blue eyes that see shadows
57
Explain bivalve sex
Sperm is released in water and enters females incurrent siphon Fertilization occurs and zygotes develop in the gills, become glochidia. Glochidia go into water and parasitize fish. Baby clams drop off fish.
58
Glochidia
Step between clam zygote and baby clam. Parasites fish.
59
What is the habitat of Cephalopods
Marine only, no fresh water
60
What kind of head foot do cephalopods have
Tentacles with suckers
61
What function do suckers serve
Used for suction and grasping prey.
62
What do the suckers do during sex?
Become packets containing sperm.
63
What do cephalopods have with their radula
Jaws
64
What is a pen in a squid
The reduced shell in the squid visceral mass.
65
What holds the cephalopod eye horizontally
Statocyst
66
What kind of eyes to cephalopods have
Complex eyes much like humans
67
What do radula and circular muscles do
Circulate water
68
How do cephalopods swim
Expel water from the mantle cavity forcefully through ventral funnel.
69
What functions as a cephalopod penis?
One of the arms of the cephalopod
70
What is the common name of Annelids
Segmented worm
71
What does Annelida mean
Little rings
72
Key evolutionary advance of Annelids
Metamerism (segmentation)
73
Why is metamerism important?
Complete control over each segment Redundancy Better nervous system
74
Habitat of Annelids
Aquatic marine terrestrial
75
What kind of development do Annelids have
Protostome
76
What kind of coelem do Annelids have
Eucoelomate
77
Polychaeta
Many bristles only marine
78
Hirudinea
No bristles, freshwater, leeches
79
Oligochaeta
Few bristles, terrestrial and fresh water, earthworms
80
What do annelid movement depend on
Hydrostatic skeleton
81
What does contraction of longitudinal muscles do
Makes body thicker and shorter
82
What does contraction of circular muscles do
Makes body longer and thinner
83
Setae
Anchor segments during burrowing of most earth worms. Each segment has four pairs.
84
What are setae made of
Chitin
85
How do earthworms move
Through peristalsis
86
Nutritional mode of earthworms
Detrivore
87
Prostomium
Upper lip of earthworm. Shovels dirt and wets it.
88
Pharynx
Sucks in food
89
Esophagus
Carries food from mouth to crop
90
Crop
Stores dirt before digestion
91
Gizzard
Grinds up dirt and breaks out nutrients before it goes to intestine.
92
Typhlosole
Helps with the absorption in the intestines.
93
Dorsal blood vessel
Functions as the true heart of the segmented worm.
94
What direction does dorsal blood vessel pump.
Anteriorly
95
Aortic arches
Bridges the dorsal vessel and ventral vessel
96
What direction does blood move in ventral blood vessel
Posteriorly
97
How do segmented worms respirate
Through their body wall
98
Somite
Metamere
99
Metanephridia/nephridia
Organ that filters waste and nutrients out.
100
Two major sections of earthworm nervous system
Central nervous system | Peripheral nervous system
101
What do earthworms have in place of eyes
Photoreceptors
102
How are photoreceptors an adaptive advantage for earth worms
They can figure out if they're above or under ground.
103
Seminal receptacles
Holds the speed received from the mate.
104
Chitinous band
Band that the fertilization occurs in, forms around earth worm and comes off to become cocoon
105
Albumin
Protein put into chitinous band for babies to eat.

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