Adenoid/o
Adenoids
Alveol/o
Alveolus
Bronch/i, bronch
Bronchus
Diaphragmat/o
Diaphragm
Epiglott/o
Epiglottis
Laryng/o
Larynx
Lob/o
Lobe
Nas/o, rhin/o
Nose
Pharyng/o
Pharynx
Pleur/o
Pleura
Pneum/o, pneumat/o, pneumon/o
Lung, air
Pulmon/o
Lung
Sept/o
Septum
Sinus/o
Sinus
Thorac/o
Thorax (chest)
Tonsill/o
Tonsil
Trache/o
Trachea
Atel/o
Imperfect, incomplete
Capn/o
Carbon dioxide
Hem/o, hemat/o
Blood
Muc/o
Mucus
Orth/o
Straight
Ox/o, ox/i
Oxygen
Py/o
Pus
Som/o
Sleep
Spir/o
Breathe, breathing
A-, an-
Without or absence of
Endo-
Within
Eu-
Normal, good
Pan-
All, total
Poly-
Many, much
-algia
Pain
-ar, -ary, -eal
Pertaining to
-cele
Hernia or protrusion
-centesis
Surgical puncture to aspirate
nose
acts as a filter
nasal septum
partition separating nasal cavities
paranasal sinuses
air cavities within the cranial bones that open into the naval cavities
pharynx
food and air passageway
adenoids
lymphoid tissue located behind the nasal cavity
tonsils
lymphoid tissue located behind the mouth
larynx
location of the vocal cords, also called the voice box
epiglottis
flap of cartilage that keeps food from entering the larynx during swallowing
trachea
passageway for air to the bronchi (windpipe)
bronchus
conducts air into the lungs
bronchioles
smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree
alveolus
air sacs at the end of the bronchioles
lungs
spongelike organs in the thoracic cavity, right lung has three loves and left lung has two.
pleura
membrane covering each lung and lining thoracic cavity, contains serous fluid
diaphragm
muscular partition separating the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity, aids in the breathing process
mediastinum
space between the lungs containing the heart, esophagus, and trachea
atel/o
imperfect or incomplete
capn/o
carbon dioxide
hem/o, hemat/o
blood
muc/o
mucus
orth/o
straight
ox/i, ox/o
oxygen
phon/o
sound, voice
py/o
pus
somn/o
sleep
spir/o
breathe, breathing
a-, an-
absense of, without
endo-
within
eu-
normal, good
pan-
all, total
poly-
many, much
tachy-
fast, rapid
-algia
pain
-at, -ary, -eal,
pertaining to
-cele
hernia or protrusion
-centesis
surgical puncture to aspirate fluid
-ectasis
stretch out, dilate, expand
-emia
blood condition
-graphy
process of recording or radiographic imaging
-meter
instrument used to measure
-metry
measurement
-pexy
surgical fixation
-pnea
breathing
-rrhagia
rapid flow of blood
-scope
instrument used for visual examination
-scopic
pertaining to visual examination
-scopy
visual examination
-spasm
sudden and involuntary muscle contraction
-stenosis
construction or narrowing
-stomy
creation of an artificial opening
-thorax
chest
-tomy
cut into or incision
adenoiditis
inflammation of the adenoids
alveolitis
inflammation of the alveolus
atelectasis
incomplete expansion of the lung
bronchiectasis
dilation of the bronchi
bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi
bronchogenic carcinoma
cancerous tumor originating in a bronchus
bronchopneumonia
diseased state of the bronchi and lungs, usually caused by infection
diaphragmatocele
hernia of the diaphragm
epiglottitis
inflammation of the epiglottis
hemothorax
blood in the chest (pleural space)
laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx
laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)
inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi (the acute form is croup)
lobar pneumonia
infection of one or more lobes of the lung
nasopharyngitis
inflammation of the nose and pharynx
pansinusitis
inflammation of all sinuses
pharyngitis
inflammation of the pharynx
pleuritis
inflammation of the pleura (chest cavity)
pneumatocele
hernia of the lung
pneumoconiosis
abnormal condition of dust in the lungs
pneumonia
diseased state of the lung
pneumonitis
inflammation of the lung
pneumothorax
air in the chest causing collapse of the lung
pulmonary neoplasm
pertaining to the lung, new growth
pyothorax
pus in the chest (pleural space)
rhinitis
inflammation of the nose
rhinomycosis
abnormal condition of fungus in the nose
rhinorrhagia
rapid flow of blood from the nose
thoracalgia
pain in the chest
tonsillitis
inflammation of the tonsils
tracheitis
inflammation of the trachea
tracheostenosis
narrowing of the trachea
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
respiratory failure as a result of disease or injury
symptoms:
dyspnea, tachypnea, cyanosis
asthma
respiratory disease caused by constriction of the airways that is reversible between attacks
symptoms:
coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
a progressive lung disease that restricts air flow, which makes breathing difficult
symptoms:
chronic bronchitis and emphysema
coccidioidomycosis
fungal disease affecting the lungs and sometimes other organs of the body
cor pulmonale
serious cardiac disease associated with chronic lung disorders such as emphysema
croup
condition resulting from acute obstruction of the larynx, occurs mainly in children
symptoms:
barking cough, hoarseness, stridor
cystic fibrosis (CF)
hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract and pancreatic deficiency.
deviated septum
one part of the nasal cavity is smaller because of malformation or injury
emphysema
stretching of the lung tissue
epistaxis
nosebleed
influenza
highly infectious respiratory disease caused by a virus
legionnaire disease
a lobar pneumonia caused by the legionella pneumophila bacterium
obstructive sleep apnea
repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep that leads to the absence of breathing
pertussis
highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract (whooping cough)
pleural effusion
fluid in the pleural space caused by disease or trauma
pulmonary edema
fluid accumulation in the alveoli and bronchioles
pulmonary embolism
foreign matter carried to the pulmonary artery and its branches, blocking blood flow to the lungs
tuberculosis (TB)
an infectious disease spread by inhalation of small bacteria particles
upper respiratory infection
infection of nasal cavity, pharynx, or larynx. (common cold)
adenoidectomy
excision of the adenoids
adenotome
surgical instrument used to cut the adenoids
bronchoplasty
surgical repair of bronchus
laryngectomy
excision of the larynx
laryngoplasty
surgical repair of the larynx
laryngostomy
creation of artificial opening into the larynx
laryngotracheotomy
incision of the larynx and trachea
lobectomy
excision of a lobe
pleuroplexy
surgical fixation of the pleura
pneumobronchotomy
incision of lung and bronchus
pneumonectomy
excision of a lung
rhinoplasty
surgical repair of the nose
septoplasty
surgical repair of the nasal septum
septotomy
incision into the nasal septum
sinusotomy
incision of a sinus
thoracocentesis
surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the chest
thoracotomy
incision into the chest cavity
tonsillectomy
excision of the tonsils
tracheoplasty
surgical repair of the trachea
tracheostomy
creation of an artificial opening into the trachea
tracheotomy
incision into the trachea
bronchoscope
instrument used for visual examination of the bronchi
bronchoscopy
visual examination of the bronchi
endoscope
instrument used for visual examination within
endoscopic
pertaining to visual examination within
capnometer
instrument used to measure carbon dioxide levels
oximeter
instrument used to measure oxygen
spirometer
instrument used to measure breathing
spirometry
a measurement of breathing
polysomnograph
process of recording many tests during sleep
computed tomography scan (CT)
computerized images created in front to back sections
chest radiograph (chest x-ray)
a radiographic image to evaluate the lungs and the heart
ventilation-perfusion scanning
a nuclear medicine procedure to diagnose a pulmonary embolism
acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear
test performed on sputum to determine presence of tuberculosis causing bacteria
arterial blood gases (ABGs)
test performed on arterial blood to test levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases.
peak flow meter (PFM)
a portable instrument used to measure how fast air can be pushed out of the lung. used to help monitor asthma
pulmonary function tests (PFT’s)
a group of tests to measure breathing
pulse oximetry
a noninvasive method of measuring oxygen in the blood using device attached to finger
auscultation
listening for sounds within the body through a stethoscope
percussion
tapping the surface of the body with the fingers to determine its density
PPD (purified protein derivative) skin test
a test performed on individuals who have recently been exposed to tuberculosis
stethoscope
an instrument used to hear internal body sounds
acapnia
absence of carbon dioxide in the blood
alveolar
pertaining to the alveolus
anoxia
absence of oxygen
aphonia
absence of voice
apnea
absence of breathing
bronchoalveolar
pertaining to the bronchi and the alveoli
bronchospasm
spasmodic contraction in the bronchi
diaphragmatic
pertaining to the diaphragm
dysphonia
condition of difficult speaking
dyspnea
difficult breathing
endotracheal
pertaining to within the trachea
eupnea
normal breathing
hypercapnia
condition of excess carbon dioxide
hyperpnea
excessive breathing
hypocapnia
deficient carbon dioxide
hypopnea
deficient breathing
hypoxemia
condition of deficient oxygen in the blood
hypoxia
condition of deficient oxygen
intrapleural
pertaining to within the pleura
laryngeal
pertaining to the larynx
laryngospasm
spasmodic contraction of the larynx
mucoid
resembling mucus
mucous
pertaining to mucus
nasopharyngeal
pertaining to the nose and pharynx
orthopnea
able to breath easier in upright position
phrenalgia
pain in the diaphragm
phrenospasm
spasm of the diaphragm
pulmonary
pertaining to the lungs
pulmonologist
a physician who studies and treats diseases of the lung
pulmonology
study of the lung
rhinorrhea
discharge from the nose
tachypnea
rapid breathing
thoracic
pertaining to the chest
airway
passageway in which air enters and exits the lungs
asphyxia
deprivation of oxygen for tissue use (suffocation)
aspirate
to withdraw fluid
bronchoconstricted
agent causing narrowing of the bronchi
bronchodilator
agent causing the bronchi to widen
cough
sudden expulsion of air from the lungs
hiccup
sudden catching of breathe with diaphragm spasm
hyperventilation
ventilation beyond the bodies needs
hypoventilation
ventilation that does not fulfill body needs
mucopurulent
containing both mucus and pus
mucus
slimy fluid secreted by membranes
nebulizer
device that creates mist to deliver medication
nosocomial infection
an infection acquired during hospitalization
paroxysm
periodic sudden attack
patent
open airway allowing passage of air
sputum
mucous secretion from the lungs, bronchi and trachea expelled through the mouth
ventilator
mechanical device used to assist with or substitute for breathing
ABGs
arterial blood gases
AFB
acid-fast bacilli
ARDS
acute respiratory distress syndrome
CF
cystic fibrosis
CO2
carbon dioxide
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CT
computed tomography
CXR
chest radiograph (chest x ray)
flu
influenza
LLL
left lower lobe
LTB
laryngotracheobronchitis
LUL
left upper lobe
O2
oxygen
OSA
obstructive sleep apnea
PE
pulmonary embolism
PFM
peak flow meter
PFTs
pulmonary function tests
PSG
polysomnography
RLL
right lower lobe
RML
right middle lobe
RUL
right upper lobe
SOB
shortness of breath
TB
tuberculosis
URI
upper respiratory infection
VPS
ventilation perfusion scanning