Unit 5 - Sexuality

Question 1

What is amenorrhea?

Answer 1

When the menstrual cycle is typically absent for three or more consecutive months. It can happen for a variety of reasons, including a hormonal disorder, drastic weight loss, or a change in the environment.

Question 2

True or False - Women who produce excessive prostaglandins have more severe menstrual cramps

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What is Dysmenorrhea?

Answer 3

the medical name for the discomforts—abdominal cramps and pain, back and leg pain, diarrhea, tension, water retention, fatigue, and depression—that can occur during menstruation.

Question 4

What is Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)?

Answer 4

regular symptoms of depression (depressed mood, anxiety, mood swings, diminished interest or pleasure) during the last week of the menstrual cycle.

Question 5

What are 5 of the most common symptoms of PMS?

Answer 5

mood changes, anxiety, irritability, difficulty concentrating, forgetfulness, impaired judgment, tearfulness, digestive symptoms, hot flashes, palpitations, dizziness, headache, fatigue, changes in appetite, cravings, water retention, breast tenderness, and insomnia

Question 6

At mid-cycle of the menstrual cycle, the increased LH triggers what?

Answer 6

Ovulation

Question 7

What is ovulation?

Answer 7

• the release of the ovum from the ovary.
• Estrogen levels drop,
• the remaining cells of the follicle then enlarge, change character, and form the corpus luteum

Question 8

What happens in the second half of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 8

• corpus luteum secretes estrogen and larger amounts of progesterone.
• The endometrium (uterine lining) is stimulated by progesterone to thicken and become more engorged with blood in preparation for nourishing an implanted, fertilized ovum.

Question 9

What happens if the ovum is not fertilized?

Answer 9

• the corpus luteum disintegrates.
• the level of progesterone drops,
• menstruation occurs—the uterine lining is shed during the course of a menstrual period.

Question 10

What happens if the egg is fertilized?

Answer 10

pregnancy occurs,

• the cells that eventually develop into the placenta secrete human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG),
• signals the pituitary not to start a new cycle.

Question 11

How many basic types of sexual intercourse are there and what are they?

Answer 11

Four. Manual intercourse, Oral intercourse, Genital intercourse, Anal intercourse

Question 12

What is Manual intercourse?

Answer 12

when the sex organs of one partner are in contact with the hand or hands of the other partner.

Question 13

What is Oral intercourse?

Answer 13

when the sex organs of one partner are in contact with the mouth of the other partner.

Question 14

What is Genital intercourse?

Answer 14

when the sex organs of one partner are in contact with the sex organs of the other partner

Question 15

What is Anal intercourse?

Answer 15

when the sex organs of one partner are in contact with the anus of the other partner

Question 16

What is gender identity?

Answer 16

a person’s self-identified sense of being male, female, neither, or both

Question 17

Define Androgynous

Answer 17

people who identify as neither male nor female

Question 18

Define Intersex

Answer 18

people who were born with both male and female anatomy, or ambiguous genitalia.

Can also refer to an individual who physically falls between what is defined as male or female based on gender, hormones, internal organs, and chromosomal differences.

Question 19

Define Transgender/trans person/trans folk

Answer 19

an umbrella term for people whose gender identity or gender expression differs from the sex they were assigned at birth. This term is not indicative of sexual orientation, hormonal makeup, or physical anatomy. Transgender persons may feel themselves to be neither gender, to be both genders, or to be a gender other than their sex assigned at birth.

Question 20

According to psychologist Robert Sternberg, the crucial ingredients for commitment are the following:

Answer 20

shared values
a willingness to change in response to each other 
a willingness to tolerate flaws
a match in religious beliefs 
the ability to communicate effectively

Question 21

In Canada, the courts determine whether or not people are cohabiting by referring to six factors:

Answer 21

• Shelter—do the unmarried parties share accommodation?
• Sexual and personal behaviour—do the unmarried parties maintain an intimate interdependent relationship, and are they perceived by others to do so?
• Services—do the unmarried couple share the traditional functions of a family?
• Social—do the unmarried couple portray themselves as a couple to the outside world?
• Societal—how are the unmarried partners treated by their community?
• Children—do the unmarried couple see children as part of their home and interact parentally with each other’s children if there are any?

Question 22

In a survey of more than 1500 never-married under-graduate students, what percent reported that they had experienced at least two acts of physical abuse in a dating relationship? What percent believed they had ever physically abused their current or past dating partner?

Answer 22

25% and 12%

Question 23

The signs of emotional abuse are:

Answer 23

• attempting to control various aspects of your life—what you say or wear
• frequently humiliating you—making you feel bad about yourself
• wanting to know where you are—and who you are with at all times
• becoming jealous or angry—when you spend time with friends
• threatening to harm you—if you have other interests or you are attempting to break off the relationship
• trying to coerce you—into doing anything that does not feel comfortable to you such as unwanted sexual activity.

Question 24

What is Behavioural interdependence?

Answer 24

the mutual impact that people have on each other as their lives and daily activities become intertwined.

Question 25

Intimate relationships may be defined in terms of four characteristics. What are they?

Answer 25

behavioural interdependence,
psychological need fulfillment,
emotional attachment, and
emotional availability.

Question 26

What is Psychological need fulfillment?

Answer 26

there are many factors such as:
 helping find a sense of purpose in life and fulfilling needs for approval, 
intimacy, 
social integration, 
nurturing, 
reassurance, 
and affirmation.

Question 27

What is Emotional attachment?

Answer 27

refers to feelings of love and attachment. Lasting intimate relationships can and cannot involve sexual contact.

Question 28

What is Emotional availability?

Answer 28

refers to the ability to give to and receive from others emotionally without fear of being hurt or rejected.

Question 29

Why have Family units have changed considerably over the past 50 years?

Answer 29

• alterations in their structure (smaller-sized households, delayed marriage and childbearing, increased divorce rates and single parenthood),
• global trends in migration,
• the phenomenon of demographic ageing,
• the HIV/AIDS pandemic
• the impacts of globalization

Question 30

the sexual responses of both males and females are typically divided into four stages. What are they?

Answer 30

1. excitement/arousal,
2. plateau,
3. orgasm,
4. resolution

Question 31

What happens during the excitement/arousal phase?

Answer 31

vasocongestion, or increased blood flow in the genital region, stimulates male and female genital responses. Vasocongestion causes the sexual organs to swell. The vagina begins to lubricate and the penis becomes partially erect.

Question 32

What happens during the plateau phase?

Answer 32

a female’s nipples or a male’s penis becomes erect. In the plateau phase, the penis secretes a few drops of pre-ejaculatory fluid that may contain sperm

Question 33

What happens during orgasm?

Answer 33

vasocongestion, and muscle tensions reach their peak, and rhythmic contractions occur through the genital regions

Question 34

What happens during the resolution phase?

Answer 34

muscle tension and congested blood subside

Question 35

Some men experience a fifth phase, what is it?

Answer 35

the refractory phase, where systems are incapable of subsequent arousal for a period of time (varies from a few minutes to several hours).

Question 36

What is the age of consent for sexual activity or age of protection for sexual consent in Canada?

Answer 36

16, However, the age of consent is 18 years where the sexual activity “exploits” the young person—when it involves prostitution, pornography or occurs in a relationship of authority, trust or dependency (e.g., with a teacher, coach or babysitter)

Question 37

Problems that occur with sexual functions can be divided into four major classes. What are they?

Answer 37

sexual desire disorders, sexual arousal disorders, orgasm disorders, and sexual pain disorders.

Question 38

Describe Sexual Desire Disorders

Answer 38

a lack of sexual appetite or simply a lack of interest and pleasure in sexual activity

Question 39

Describe Sexual Arousal Disorders

Answer 39

Erectile dysfunction (or impotence) is the most common of the sexual arousal disorders. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a difficulty in achieving or maintaining a penile erection sufficient for intercourse

Question 40

Describe Orgasm Disorders

Answer 40

One type of orgasm disorder is premature ejaculation; ejaculation that occurs prior to or very soon after the insertion of the penis into the vagina. Retarded ejaculation, another orgasm disorder, is the inability to ejaculate once the penis is erect.

Question 41

Describe Sexual Pain Disorders

Answer 41

These include dyspareunia (pain experienced by a female during intercourse) and vaginismus (involuntary contraction of vaginal muscles that makes penile insertion painful or impossible

Question 42

Dyspareunia may be caused by

Answer 42

endometriosis, uterine tumours, chlamydia, gonorrhea, urinary tract infections, damage to tissues during childbirth, insufficient lubrication, or psychological factors

Question 43

Vaginismus tends to be related to

Answer 43

fears of intercourse or unresolved sexual conflicts.