unit 6

Question 1

primary sourse of hereditary material

Answer 1

Dna sometimes rna

Question 2

dna is stored how

Answer 2

nitrogen base sequences

Question 3

what do viruses use to encode genetic material

Answer 3

rna

Question 4

pyrimidines

Answer 4

single structure (bases C,U,T)

Question 5

conserved base pairing rules for dna and rna

Answer 5

pyrimidines only pair with purines

Question 6

purines

Answer 6

double ring structure (bases A,G)

Question 7

prokaryotic chromosomes

Answer 7

circular (smaller genome)

Question 8

eukaryotic chromosomes

Answer 8

linear (larger genome)

Question 9

plasmids

Answer 9

small extra chromosome, double strand, circular dna

Question 10

prokaryotes plasmids are found in

Answer 10

cytosol

Question 11

eukaryotic plasmids are found in

Answer 11

nucleus

Question 12

what ensures continuity of hereditary info

Answer 12

dna replicaion

Question 13

what allows transmission of a complete genmone to next generation that happens before cell division

Answer 13

genetic info copied

Question 14

dna replication is

Answer 14

semiconcervative

Question 15

semiconservative replication means

Answer 15

a dna molecule will contain one new and one original strand

Question 16

influences replication process

Answer 16

directionality in dna

Question 17

dna terminal phosphate group

Answer 17

5’ end

Question 18

hydroxl terminus

Answer 18

3’ end

Question 19

nucleotides can only be added in what direction

Answer 19

5’-3’ direction

Question 20

dna polymerase

Answer 20

synthesis new stand of dna, requires rna primers, attaches to 3’ end

Question 21

ligase

Answer 21

join dna fragments on the lagging strand

Question 22

genetic info flow

Answer 22

dna-rna-protien

Question 23

rna molecules used to

Answer 23

facilitate protien synthesis using dna info

Question 24

ribosomes

Answer 24

contain rna and assembles protien

Question 25

transcription

Answer 25

process where an enzyme directs the formation of a mrna molecule

Question 26

during transcription

Answer 26

dna strands seperated, one becomes template stand other is a coding strand

Question 27

template strand

Answer 27

depends on gene being transcribed

Question 28

rna polymerase synthesizes

Answer 28

mrna in 5'-3' direction by reading 3'-5', copies gene by base pairing with noncoding strand

Question 29

mrna

Answer 29

transcribed property of a gene

Question 30

mRNA

Answer 30

carries genetic info to ribosome, then used to direct protien synthesis, condon (3 base sequence)

Question 31

tRNA

Answer 31

recruited by ribosomes to create polypeptide directed by mrna, anti codon (3 base sequence of trna), anti codon+codon= growing polypeptide

Question 32

rRNA

Answer 32

protien assemble, where pairing occures, created primart polypeptides

Question 33

series of enzyme regulated mods to mRNA transcript in eukaryotes

Answer 33

1. adding a poly-a tail(A bases, increases stablility, exporting from nuclues 2. add GTP cap to other end- protect transcrpit and help attach to ribosome

Question 34

interons

Answer 34

sequences of mRNA that dont code for amino acids not included in mature RNA

Question 35

exons

Answer 35

sequences of mrna that code for amino acids, retained in rna processing, connected in mature mrna

Question 36

alternative splicing

Answer 36

splicing introns and connecting exons, diff varitions of exon combos lead to diff protons

Question 37

translation of mrna

Answer 37

polypeptide

Question 38

translation occures on ribosome

Answer 38

prokaryotes- cytocolic eukaryotes- + ER ribosomes

Question 39

prokarytoic translation

Answer 39

occures while mrna is being transcribed

Question 40

retrovirus

Answer 40

introduce viral rna into host -reverse transcriptace -copies viral rna into vrial dna -dna is incorperated into host genome -reversible

Question 41

translation relationship between rna molecules

Answer 41

trna-mrna-rrna adds to growing chain

Question 42

initiation

Answer 42

rrna interacts with mrna at first codon

Question 43

codon

Answer 43

3-amino acids

Question 44

start codon

Answer 44

AUG- met

Question 45

trna

Answer 45

bring correct amino acid to correct place directed by mrna

Question 46

elongation- trna anti codon complements what

Answer 46

mrna codon

Question 47

rna adds amino acid

Answer 47

trna brings amino acid

Question 48

termination

Answer 48

stop codon is reached newly synthesized polypeptide is released

Question 49

regulatory sequences

Answer 49

promote or inhibit protien synthesis, interaction with regulatory protiens

Question 50

epigenetic changes are reversible modifications

Answer 50

histones tight or loose packing regulates gene acess

Question 51

function in tissue function comes from

Answer 51

precense of protiens

Question 52

transcription factors

Answer 52

promote or inhibit transcription

Question 53

operons

Answer 53

prokaryotes closely linked genes that produce a single mrna during transcription

Question 54

operator

Answer 54

inhibits or promotes transcription by binding with regulatory protiens

Question 55

lac operon

Answer 55

considered causing it to be turned off

Question 56

inducers

Answer 56

molecules that bind to regulatory protiens and cause a change of shape

Question 57

glucose in lac operon

Answer 57

high other protiens low not present

Question 58

promotors

Answer 58

dna sequences rna polymerase and transcription facrors bind to state tans.

Question 60

horizontal acquisation

Answer 60

in prokaryotes transformation-transduction-conjugation- transposition

Question 61

pcr

Answer 61

denature- primer- replicate dna