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Science > Unit Mineral > Flashcards

Unit Mineral Flashcards

1
Q

Atom

A

The basic unit of a chemical element

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2
Q

Proton

A

Positive charge
Equal amount as the atomic number
Found in the nucleus

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3
Q

Electron

A

Negative charge
Always moving
Orbits the nucleus

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4
Q

Neutron

A

No charge

Found in nucleus

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5
Q

Matter

A

Occupies space

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6
Q

How do I find out how many neutrons something has?

A

Atomic mass minus number of protons equals number of neutrons

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7
Q

Can the number of protons change?

A

No

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8
Q

What are the five characteristics of a mineral?

A 
Occurs naturally
Solid
Made of elements
Inorganic
Has a crystal shape
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9
Q

How many minerals make up 98.5% of earth?

A

Eight

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10
Q

What minerals make up most of earth?

A 
Oxygen
Silicon
Aluminum
Iron
Calcium
Sodium
Potassium
Magnesium
All the others
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11
Q

What is a compound mineral?

A

Combination of two or more elements

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12
Q

What are minerals called when they only contain one element?

A

Native

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13
Q

How many known minerals are there?

A

About 4000

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14
Q

What are minerals that are mixed together called?

A

Rocks

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15
Q

Is color a reliable source to identify a mineral?

A

No, many minerals have different colors and many minerals have the same colors as others.

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16
Q

What is the hardness scale used to measure hardness called?

A

The MOHs hardness scale

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17
Q

What are the numbers on the MOHs hardness scale and what do the represent?

A

1-10 (1 is the softest 10 is the hardest)

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18
Q

Luster

A

The ways a surface reflects light

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19
Q

Metallic luster

A

Shiny opaque appearance

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20
Q

List some terms used to describe luster

A 
Metallic
Earthy
Waxy
Greasy
Vitreous
Adamantine (brilliant)
Marbled
Matte (non shiny black)
Dull
Glossy
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21
Q

Double refraction

A

The light goes through and you see two

Calcite

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22
Q

Magnification

A

The act of magnifying

Ulexite

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23
Q

Translucent

A

Allowing light but no detailed images to pass through

Halite
Ulexite
Topaz

24
Q

Transparent

A

Seen through clearly

Calcite
Muscovite mica

25
Q

Opaque

A

Not quite able to be seen through

Quartz
Fluorine

26
Q

Streak

A

The color of a mineral’s powder

27
Q

How can streak be determined?

A

By crushing it with a hammer or rubbing it on a white or black streak plate

28
Q

What is a mineral’s true color?

A

The color that the mineral leaves behind on a streak plate

29
Q

Does powder always have a different color than the mineral?

A

No

30
Q

What are some ways to determine a mineral?

A 
Luster
Color
Hardness
Streak
Cleavage
31
Q

What does it mean if a mineral’s metal scratches the streak plate?

A

It is harder than the streak plate

32
Q

What is another word for bubble?

A

Effervesce

33
Q

CaCO3

A

Limestone (has calcite in it)

34
Q

2HCl

A

Hydrochloric acid

35
Q

CaCl2

A

Calcium Chloride

36
Q

CO2

A

Carbon dioxide

37
Q

What hardness does a porcelain plate have?

A

7

38
Q

What are the two ways a mineral can break?

A

By fracturing or cleaving

39
Q

How small can a mineral be when it breaks for it not to keep cleaving?

A

It will always have a distinct shape

40
Q

Crystal cleavage

A

Smooth break producing what appears to be a flat crystal face

41
Q

What are the terms used to describe cleavage?

A 
Perfect
Imperfect
Good
Distinct
Indistinct
Poor
42
Q

Basal cleavage

A

Comes off in layers

Mica

43
Q

Octahedral

A

Eight sides

Fluorite

44
Q

Cubic

A

Looks like a cube

Halite

45
Q

Rhombohedral

A

Calcite

46
Q

When does cleavage occur?

A

In mineral’s that have specific planes of weakness

47
Q

What are terms used to describe fracture?

A 
Conchoidal
Earthy
Jagged 
Uneven
Splintery
48
Q

Conchoidal

A

Smooth and curved like a clam shell

Quartz

49
Q

Earthy

A

Breaks like soil

Kaolinite

50
Q

Jagged

A

Jagged, sharp, and uneven

Copper
Silver

51
Q

Uneven

A

Pyrite

Magnetite

52
Q

Splintery

A

Sharp, elongated points

Hornblende
Satin spar gypsum

53
Q

What hardness does glass have?

A

5

54
Q

What hardness does a screw have?

A

4

55
Q

What hardness does a penny have?

A

3

56
Q

What hardness does a fingernail have?

A

1

57
Q

What hardness does Quartz have?

A

7

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