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Horse bowl > Unsoundness, Blemishes, Lameness > Flashcards

Unsoundness, Blemishes, Lameness Flashcards

1
Q

What is Sweeney?

A

Shrinkage of the muscles in the shoulder of the horse

(Source: Illustrated Dictionary of Equine Terms, p. 260 / Horse Science (National 4-H Council), p. 13 / The Horse, Evans, p. 163)

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2
Q

What deviations can be seen in the hock when viewed from the side?

A

Sickle hocks

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 154

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3
Q

Practically speaking, what is the difference between unsoundness in a horse and a blemish?

A

Unsoundness is an imperfection that affects the usability. Blemishes may distract from appearance but do not affect usability.

(Source: Horse Science (National 4-H Council), p. 12 / Horses and Horsemanship, Ensminger, p. 58)

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4
Q

What is the name for the condition characterized by excessive flexion of one or both hocks, most easily detected when backing a horse?

A

Stringhalt

(Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 164 / Illustrated Dictionary of Equine Terms, p. 258 / Horses and Horsemanship, Ensminger, p. 67)

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5
Q

What is ringbone?

A

Bony enlargements on the pastern bones

Source: Horse Science (National 4-H Council), p. 13 / The Horse, Evans, p. 160

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6
Q

What is another name for a capped elbow?

A

Shoe Boil

Source: Illustrated Dictionary of Equine Terms, p. 244

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7
Q

Sidebones occur in both the front and hind feet but are more common in the…..?

A

Front

(Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 160 / Horse Science (National 4-H Council), p. 13 / Horses and Horsemanship, Ensminger, p. 58, 66)

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8
Q

What do you call a varicose vein enlargement which appears on the inside of the hock immediately above the location of the bog spavin?

A

Blood spavin

Source: Horses and Horsemanship, Ensminger, p. 61

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9
Q

Where are bucked shins located?

A

They are common on the front leg and rare on the hind limb

Source: Horses and Horsemanship, Ensminger, p. 62

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10
Q

What is a splint?

A

A bony enlargement that develops in the area of the splint bone or cannon bone

(Source: Illustrated Dictionary of Equine Terms, p. 252)

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11
Q

What is an enlargement on the front of the cannon bone between the knees and the fetlock joint?

A

Sore or bucked shins

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 159

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12
Q

Name the enlargement of the knee joint resulting from inflammation of the joint capsule, the carpus, or the ligaments.

A

Carpitis or popped knee

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 163

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13
Q

Swollen tendons behind the cannon bone in both the front and hind legs are called what?

A

Bowed tendons

Source: Horses and Horsemanship, Ensminger, p. 61

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14
Q

What is the calcification or bony growth, usually occurring on the inside of the cannon bone on the front leg?

A

Splints

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 158

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15
Q

Any mark or deformity that diminishes the beauty but does not affect the usefulness of the horse is called what?

A

A blemish

Source: Horse Science (National 4-H Council), p. 12

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16
Q

Free from any abnormal deviation in structure or function which interferes with the usefulness of the horse is called what?

A

Sound

Source: Horse Science (National 4-H Council), p. 12

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17
Q

What is the term used to describe an imperfection in which the lower jaw is shorter than the upper jaw?

A

Parrot mouth

Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 1060-5 / Horse Science (National 4-H Council), p. 13

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18
Q

Name the joint where bog spavins, bone spavins, curbs and thoroughpins can occur.

A

The hock

Source: Horses and Horsemanship, Ensminger, p. 58

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19
Q

What is bowed tendon?

A

Inflammation and enlargement of the tendons at the back of the front cannon

(Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 160)

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20
Q

Abnormalities in the jawbone can result in an undershot jaw. What is another name for this type of jaw?

A

Monkey mouth

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 168

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21
Q

Name the unsoundness described as a hard swelling below the point of the hock.

A

Curb

Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 230-4

22
Q

Osselets are inflammatory conditions around which joint, and result from strain or pressure on immature bones?

A

Fetlock

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 161

23
Q

What is a small, fleshy outgrowth?

A

Caruncle

Source: Illustrated Dictionary of Equine Terms, p. 49

24
Q

How does blistering induce more rapid healing for treatment of inflamed joints, tendons and bones?

A

Increases blood supply to the blistering site

Source: Illustrated Dictionary of Equine Terms, p. 32

25
Q

What is a thoroughpin?

A

A soft, puffy swelling on the upper hock

Source: Horses and Horsemanship, Ensminger, p. 68 / Illustrated Dictionary of Equine Terms, p. 266

26
Q

Applying an irritating substance such as iodine or mercury to treat a blemish or unsoundness to increase blood supply is known as what?

A

Blistering

Source: Horses and Horsemanship, Ensminger, p. 513

27
Q

What is a capped hock?

A

Enlargement at the point of the hock; usually caused by bruising

(Source: Horses and Horsemanship, Ensminger, p. 62)

28
Q

What is a depression in the shoulder due to atrophied muscles?

A

Sweeney

Source: Horses and Horsemanship, Ensminger, p. 60

29
Q

A bruise to the soft tissue underlying the horny sole of the foot that turns a reddish discoloration is called what?

A

Corns

Source: Horses and Horsemanship, Ensminger, p. 63 / Illustrated Dictionary of Equine Terms, p. 68

30
Q

Describe undershot jaw.

A

Upper jaw is shorter than lower jaw

Source: Horse Science (National 4-H Council), p. 13

31
Q

What do you call any irregularity in gait that results from moving with pain or difficulty?

A

Lameness

Source: Horse Science (National 4-H Council), p. 12

32
Q

What is the downward rotation of the coffin bone due to chronic founder or laminitis?

A

Dropped sole

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 166 / Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 9

33
Q

If a horse is lame on a front foot, describe the way he would walk.

A

Head bobs when the sound foot strikes the ground

Source: Horse Science (National 4-H Council), p. 13

34
Q

Define defect.

A

Any mark or blemish that impairs usefulness; unsoundness

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 156

35
Q

Are most splints found on the inside or outside of the cannon?

A

Inside

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 159

36
Q

What is one of the most common defects of the front legs?

A

Splint

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 159

37
Q

What is the main treatment for a bowed tendon?

A

Rest

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 160

38
Q

Define stringhalt.

A

Excessive jerking of the hind legs

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 164 / Horse Science (National 4-H Council), p. 13

39
Q

If a horse was trotting, how could you tell if it was lame?

A

By looking to see if his head bobs excessively when the lame leg strikes the ground

(Source: Horses and Horsemanship, Ensminger, p. 76)

40
Q

What is navicular disease?

A

Inflammation of the small navicular bone (pain in area of navicular bone)

(Source: Horse Science (National 4-H Council), p. 13 / The Horse, Evans, p. 162 / AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 540-3)

41
Q

Where would you find a shoe boil?

A

On the elbow of a horse

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 163

42
Q

What is another name for a sole bruise located at the angle of wall & bar?

A

Corn

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 167

43
Q

What term is used when, as a sign of lameness, the horse stands with a front leg extended more than normal?

A

Pointing

Source: Illustrated Dictionary of Equine Terms, p. 215

44
Q

How may the exact location of lameness be found?

A

Comparing the opposite leg; swelling, heat, use of hoof testers

(Source: Horse Science (National 4-H Council), p. 13)

45
Q

What are the causes of windpuffs?

A

Trauma or heavy work

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 162

46
Q

What are soft, puffy, fluid filled swellings around a joint - usually fetlock or pastern?

A

Windpuffs

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 162

47
Q

What does the term “favor” mean?

A

To limp slightly

Source: Horse Science (National 4-H Council), p. 12

48
Q

What is the main cause of shoeboil or capped elbow?

A

Elbow being irritated by the shoe or hoof of front foot when lying down

(Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 163)

49
Q

What is hipdown?

A

One hip lower than the other

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 164

50
Q

What is the cause of hipdown?

A

Usually a direct blow that causes a fracture

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 164

51
Q

What is the main cause of hind leg unsoundness?

A

Sprain, strain or twists

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 164

52
Q

If a horse is said to be “walking on eggs” what condition may be affecting it?

A

Laminitis (founder)

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 297

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