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MSK > Upper Extremity - Myology > Flashcards

Upper Extremity - Myology Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the thoracoappendicular (anterior axioappendicular) muscles.

A
  • Pectoralis major m.
  • Pectoralis minor m.
  • Subclavius m.
  • Serratus anterior m.
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2
Q

Pectoralis major m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin:
    • Clavicular head: anterior aspect medial 1/2 clavicle
    • Sternocostal head:
      • Anterior surface sternum
      • Costal cartilages 1-6
      • Aponeurosis external abdominal oblique M.
  • Insertion: lateral edge intertubercular groove of the humerus
  • Action:
    • Adduct humerus
    • Medially rotate humerus
    • Clavicular head: flex humerus
    • Sternocostal head: extend flexed humerus
  • Innervation:
    • Medial pectoral N.
    • Lateral pectoral N.
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3
Q

Pectoralis minor m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin: ribs 3-5 near costochondral joint
  • Insertion: coracoid process of the scapula
  • Action: stablize scapula by depression and protracton
  • Innervation: medial pectoral N.
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4
Q

Subclavius m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin: superior aspect 1st costochondral joint
  • Insertion: inferior aspect middle 1/3 clavicle
  • Action:
    • Stabilize clavicle
    • Depress clavicle
  • Innervation: N. to the subclavius M.
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5
Q

Serratus anterior m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin: lateral aspect, external surface ribs 1-8
  • Insertion: anterior surface; medial border of the scapula
  • Action:
    • Protract scapula
    • Stabilize scapula against the thoracic wall
    • Rotate glenoid cavity superiorly
  • Innervation: long thoracic N.
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6
Q

Name the scapulohumeral (shoulder) muscles.

A
  • Deltoid m.
  • Subscapularis m.
  • Supraspinatus m.
  • Infraspinatus m.
  • Teres major m.
  • Teres minor m.
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7
Q

Name the rotator cuff muscles.

A
  • Subscapularis m.
  • Supraspinatus m.
  • Infraspinatus m.
  • Teres minor m.
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8
Q

Deltoid m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin:
    • Lateral 1/3 of clavicle
    • Acromion
    • Scapular spine
  • Insertion: deltoid tubersity of humerus
  • Action:
    • Clavicular part:
      • Flex humerus
      • Medially rotate humerus
    • Acromial part: abducts humerus
    • Spinal part:
      • Extend huerus
      • Laterally rotate humerus
  • Innervation: axillary N.
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9
Q

Subscapularis m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin: subscapular fossa scapula
  • Insertion: lesser tubercle humerus
  • Action:
    • Medially rotate humerus
    • Adduct humerus
    • Hold humeral head in glenoid cavity
  • Innervation:
    • Superior subscapular N.
    • Inferior subscapular N.
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10
Q

Supraspinatus m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin: supraspinous fossa scapula
  • Insertion: greater humeral tubercle
  • Action:
    • Abduct humerus (with deltoid M.)
    • Hold humeral head in glenoid cavity
  • Innervation: suprascapular N.
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11
Q

Infraspinatus m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin: infraspinous fossa scapula
  • Insertion: greater humeral tubercle
  • Action:
    • Laterally rotate humerus
    • Hold head in glenoid cavity
  • Innervation: suprascapular N.
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12
Q

Teres minor m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin: middle 1/3, lateral border scapula
  • Insertion: greater humeral tubercle
  • Action:
    • Laterally rotate humerus
    • Hold head in glenoid cavity
  • Innervation: axillary N.
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13
Q

Teres major m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin: posterior aspect, inferior angle scapula
  • Insertion: medial edge intertubercular groove humerus
  • Action:
    • Adduct humerus
    • Medially rotate humerus
  • Innervation: inferior subscapular N.
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14
Q

Name the posterior axioappendicular muscles.

A
  • Trapezius m.
  • Latissimus dorsi m.
  • Rhomboid major m.
  • Rhomboid minor m.
  • Levator scapulae m.
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15
Q

Name the brachial muscles of the anterior compartment.

A
  • Biceps brachii m.
  • Coracobrachialis m.
  • Brachialis m.
  • Trices brachii m.
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16
Q

What is the main action of the brachial muscles of the anterior compartment?

A

flexion of the brachium

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17
Q

Biceps brachii m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin:
    • Long head: supraglenoid tubercle
    • Short head: coracoid process
  • Insertion:
    • Radial tuberosity
    • Antebrachal fascia as bicipital aponeurosis
  • Action:
    • Flex huerus
    • Flex supine forearm
    • Supinae the forearm
    • Short head: resist shoulder dislocation
  • Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve
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18
Q

Corachobrachialis m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin: coracoid prcoess scapula
  • Insertion: middle 1/3, medial aspect of humeral body
  • Action:
    • Flex humerus
    • Adduct humerus
  • Innervation: musculocutaneous N.
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19
Q

Brachialis m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin: Distal 1/2 anterior aspect of humerus
  • Insertion:
    • Ulnar tuberosity
    • Coronoid process of ulna
  • Action:
    • Flex forearm
  • Innervation: musculocutaneous n.
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20
Q

Name the brachial muscles of the posterior compartment.

A
  • Triceps brachii m.
  • Anconeus m.
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21
Q

What is the main action of the brachial muscles of the psoterior compartment?

A

Extend the brachium

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22
Q

Triceps brachii m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin:
    • Long head: infraglenoid tubercle scapula
    • Lateral head: posterior aspect humeral body superior to radial groove
    • Medial head: posterior aspecth umeral body inferior to the radial groove
  • Insertion:
    • Olecranon process of ulna
    • Antebrachial fascia
  • Action:
    • Extend forearm
    • Long head: resist shoulder dislocation
    • Extend humerus
    • Adduct humerus
  • Innervation: radial N.
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23
Q

Anconeus m.

(Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

A
  • Origin: lateral humeral epicondyle
  • Insertion: lateral aspect of the olecranon
  • Action:
    • Extend forearm (w/ triceps brachii m.)
    • Stabilizes elbow joint and abducts the una during pronation
  • Innervation: radial N.
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24
Q

Name the superficial flexors of the antebrachium.

A
  • Pronator teres m.
  • Flexor carpi radialis m.
  • Palmaris longus m.
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris m.
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25
Pronator teres m. (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)
* Origin: * Humeral head: medial humeral epicondyle * Ulnar head: coronoid process * Insertion: lateral aspect of the radius * Action: * Pronate forearm * Flex forearm * Innervation: median N.
26
Flexor carpi radialis m. (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)
* Origin: medial humeral epicondyle * Insertion: anterior aspect base of the 2nd MCP * Action: * Flex hand at the wrist * Abduct hand at the wrist * Innervation: median N.
27
Palmaris longus m. (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)
* Origin: medial humeral epicondyle * Insertion: * Palmar aponeurosis * Flexor retinaculum * Action: * Flex hand at wrist * Tense palmar aponeurosis * Innervation: median N.
28
Flexor carpi ulnaris m. (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)
* Origin: * Humeral head: medial head of the humeral epicondyle * Ulnar head: * Olecranon process * Posterior border ulna * Insertion: * Pisiform * Hook of the hamate * Base of the 5th MCP pisiform * Action: * Flex hand at the wrist * Adduct hand at the wrist * Innervaton: ulnar N.
29
Name the intermediate flexor(s) of the antebrachium.
* Flexor digitorum superficialis m.
30
Flexor digitorum superficialis m. (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)
* Origin: * Humeroulnar head * Medial humeral epicondyle * Coronoid process of the ulna * Radial head * Anterosuperior aspect radius * Insertion: * Body middle phalanges (digits 2-5/bifid tendon) * Action: * Flex forearm * Flex hand at wrist * Flex MCP joints (digits 2-5) * Flex proximal IP joint (digits 2-5) * Innervation: median N.
31
Name the deep flexors of the antebrachium.
* Flexor digitorum profundus m. * Flexor pollicis longus m. * Pronator quadratus m.
32
Flexor digitorum profundus m. (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)
* Origin: * Anterior part of proximal 1/2 ulna * Interosseus membrane * Insertion: base of distal phalanges digits 2-5 (tendon passes through bifid superficialis tendon) * Action: * Flex hand at wrist * Flex MCP joint (digits 2-5) * Flex PIP joint (digits 2-5) * Flex DIP joint (digits 2-5) * Innervation: * Lateral part: anterior interosseus N. * Medial part: ulnar N.
33
Flexor pollicis longus m. (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)
* Origin: * Anterior aspect radius * Interosseus membrane * Insertion: base distal phalanx pollex * Action: * Flex hand at wrist * Flex 1st carpometacarpal joint * Flex 1st MCP joint * Flex 1st IP joint * Innervation: anterior interosseus N.
34
Pronator quadratus m. (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)
* Origin: anterior aspect distal ulna * Insertion: anterior aspect distal radius * Action: pronate forearm * Innervation: anterior interosseus N.
35
Name the superficial extensors of the antebrachium.
* Brachioradialis m. * Extensor carpi radialis longus m. * Extensor carpi radialis brevis m. * Extensor digitorum m. * Extensor digit minimi m. * Extensor carpi ulnaris m.
36
Brachioradialis m. (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)
* Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus * Insertion: lateral aspect of hte distal radius * Action: flex forearm * Innervation: radial N.
37
Extensor carpi radialis longus m. (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)
* Origin: lateral supracondular ridge of humerus * Insertion: base of 2nd MCP * Action: * Extend hand at wrist * Abduct hand at wrist (radial flexion) * Innervation: radial N.
38
Extensor carpi radialis brevis m. (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)
* Origin: Lateral humeral epicondyle * Insertion: base of the 3rd MCP * Action: * Extend hand at wrist * Abduct hand at wrist (radial flexion) * Innervation: deep radial N.
39
Extensor digitorum m. (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)
* Origin: lateral humeral epicondyle * Insertion: extensor expansion digits 2-5 * Action: * Extend hand at wrist * Extend MCP joint (digits 2-5) * Extend PIP joint (digits 2-5) * Extend DIP joint (digits 2-5) * Innervation: posterior interosseous N.
40
Extensor digiti minimi m. (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)
* Origin: lateral humeral epicondyle * Insertion: extensor expansion 5th digit * Action: * Extend MCP joint 5th digit * Extend PIP joint 5th digit * Extend DIP joint 5th digit * Innervation: posterior interosseus N.
41
Extensor carpi ulnaris m. (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)
* Origin: lateral humeral epicondyle m. * Insertion: base of the 5th metacarpal * Action: * Extend hand at wrist * Adduct hand at wrist (ulnar flexion) * Innervation: posterior interosseous N.
42
Name the deep extensors of the brachium.
* Supinator m. * Extensor indicis m.
43
Supinator m. (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)
* Origin: * Lateral humeral epicondyle * Supinator crest ulna * Insertion: proximal aspect radial body * Action: supinate forearm * Innervation: deep radial N.
44
Extensor indicis m. (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)
* Origin: * Posterior aspect distal 1/3 ulna * Posterior aspect radius * Interosseous membrane * Insertion: extensor expansion of 2nd digit * Action: * Extend hand at wrist * Extend index finger * Innervation: posterior interosseous N.
45
Name the outcropping muscles of the deep extensors of the brachium.
* Abductor pollicis longus m. * Extensor pollics brevis m. * Extensor pollicis longus m.
46
Abductor pollicis longus m. (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)
* Origin: * Posterior aspect prxima ulna * Posterior aspect radius * Interosseous membrane * Insertion: base of 1st metacarpal * Action: * Abduct hand at wrist * Abduct pollex (radial flexion) * Innervation: posterior interosseous N.
47
Extensor pollicis brevis m. (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)
* Origin: * Posterior aspect radius * Interosseous membrane * Insertion: base 1st proxima phalanx * Action: * Abduct hand at wrist (radial flexion) * Extend pollex * Innervation: posterior interosseous N.
48
Extensor pollicis longus m. (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)
* Origin: * Posterior aspect of ulna * Interosseous membrane * Insertion: base 1st distal phalanx * Action: * Abduct hand at wrist (radial flexion) * Extend pollex * Innervation: posterior interosseous N.
49
Name the thenar muscles of the hand.
* Abductor polliis brevis m. * Flexor pollicis brevis m. * Opponens pollicis m. * Adductor pollicis m.
50
Abductor pollicis brevis m. (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)
* Origin: * Tubercle scaphoid * Tubercle trapezium * Flexor retinaculum * Insertion: base of proximal phalanx pollex * Action: * Abduct pollex * Innervation: recurrent branch of the median N.
51
Flexor pollicis brevis m. (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)
* Origin: * Tubercle scaphoid * Tubercle trapezoid * Flexor retinaculum * Insertion: * Base proximal phalanx pollex * Action: * Flex pollex * Innervation: * Superficial head: recurrent branch median N. * Deep head: ulnar N.
52
Opponens policis m. (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)
* Origin: * Tubercle scaphoid * Tubercle trapezium * Flexor retinaculum * Insertion: lateral aspect of the 1st MCP * Action: oppose pollex * Innervation: recurrent branch of the median N. *
53
Adductor pollicis m. (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)
* Origin: * Oblique head * Capitate * Base 2nd metacarpal * Base 3rd metacarpal * Transverse head * anterior aspect body 3rd metacarpal * Insertion: medial aspect proximal phalanx pollex * Action: adduct pollex * Innervation: deep ulnar N.
54
Name the hypothenar muscles of the hand.
* Abductor digiti minimi m. * Flexor digiti minimi brevis m. * Opponens digiti minimi m.
55
Abductor digiti minimi m. (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)
* Origin: pisifirom * Insertion: medial aspect base proximal phalanx 5th digit * Action: abduct 5th digit * Innervation: deep ulnar N.
56
Flexor digiti minimi brevis m. (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)
* Origin: * Hook of hamate * Flexor retinaculum * Insertion: medial aspect 5th metacarpal * Action: flex proximal phalanx 5th digit * Innervation: deep ulnar N.
57
Opponens digiti minimi m. (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)
* Origin: * Hook of hamate * Flexor retinaculum * Insertion: medial aspect of the 5th metacarpal * Action: oppose 5th digit * Innervation: deep ulnar N.
58
Name the intermediate muscles of the hand.
* 1st and 2nd lumbrical muscles * 3rd and 4th lumbrical muscles * dorsal interossei muscles (1-4) - DAB * palmar interossei muscles (1-3) - PAD
59
1st and 2nd lumbrical m. (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)
* Origin: lateral side lateral 2 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus m. (unipennate) * Insertion: radial aspect extensor expansions 2nd and 3rd digits * Action: * Flex MCP joint * Extend PIP joint * Extend DIP joint * Innervation: median N.
60
3rd and 4th lumbrical m. (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)
* Origin: between medial 3 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus m. (bipennate) * Insertion: radial aspect extensor expansions 4th and 5th digits * Action: * Flex MCP joint * Extend PIP joint * Extend DIP joint * Innervation: deep ulnar N.
61
Dorsal interossei muscles (1-4) - DAB (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)
* Origin: adjacent sides of all 5 metacarpals (bipennate) * Insertion: * Bases of proximal phalanges (lateral side f 2nd digit, both sides of 3rd digit, medial side 4th digit) * Extensor expansions (lateral side 2nd digit, both sides of the 3rd digit, medial side 4th digit) * Actions: * Abduct 2nd digit laterally, 3rd digit in both directions, 4th digit medially * Flex MCP joints (digits 2-4) * Extend PIP joint (digits 2-4) * Extend DIP joint (digits 2-4) * Innervation: deep ulnar N.
62
Palmar interossei muscles (1-3) - PAD (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)
* Origin: * 1st: medial side 2nd metacarpal * 2nd and 3rd: lateral sides of 4th and 5th metacarpals * Insertion: * Bases of proximal phalanges (alteral side 2nd digit, both sides of the 3rd digit, medial side 4th digit) * Extensor expansions (lateral side 2nd digit, both sides of 3rd digit, medial side 4th digit) * Action: * Adduct 2nd digit medially, 4th and 5th digits laterally * Flex MCP joints (digits 2, 4, 5) * Extend PIP joints (digits 2, 4, 5) * Extend DIP joints (digits 2, 4, 5) * Innervation: deep ulnar N.

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