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MSK > Upper Limb Anatomy > Flashcards

Upper Limb Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Rhomboid Major and Rhomboid Minor are innervated by?

A

The dorsal scapula nerve

from C5

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2
Q

List the axioappendicular muscles./

A

Serratus anterior
Major Rhomboid
Minor Rhomboid
Trapezius

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3
Q

CN 11 innervates which axioappendicular muscle?

A

Trapezius

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4
Q

List the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff?

A

Supraspinatous
Infraspinatous
Teres Minor
Subscapularis

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5
Q

What innervates the serratus anterior?

A

Long thoracic nerve

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6
Q

What movement causes the radius to move over the ulna?

A

Pronation

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7
Q

The thumb has ? degree range of motion?

A

90 degrees

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8
Q

Function of rotator cuff muscles?

A

To hold the humerus head in the glenoid fossa

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9
Q

Which of the four rotator cuff muscles does not attach to the greater tuberosity of the humerus?

A

Subscapularis

this attaches to the lesser tuberosity

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10
Q

Biceps Brachii, Brachialis and Coracobrachialis are all muscles of…?

A

The anterior compartment of the arm

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11
Q

What is the function of the anterior arm muscles?

A

Flexion of the arm and forearm

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12
Q

What nerve supplies the anterior arm compartment?

A

Musculocutaneous Nerve

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13
Q

What muscle is found in the arm’s posterior compartment?

A

Triceps brachii

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14
Q

What innervates the triceps brachii

A

The radial nerve

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15
Q

The biceps brachii carries out which extra movement?

A

Supination

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16
Q

Triceps Brachii is responsible for what movements?

A

Extension of the arm and forearm

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17
Q

The anterior compartment of the forearm is divided into three groups? True or False?

A

True. They are
Superficial
Intermediate
Deep

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18
Q

Anterior forearm compartments are responsible for what range of movement?

A

Wrist abduction/adduction/pronation and flexion

Digit flexion

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19
Q

Muscles of the superficial anterior forearm?

A

Pronator Teres
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Palmar Longus
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

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20
Q

Two nerves which supply the muscles of the superficial forearm? (and the muscles the supply)

A

Ulnar nerve - flexor carpi ulnaris

The rest are supplied by the median nerve

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21
Q

Muscle of the intermediate layer of the anterior forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum Superficialis

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22
Q

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis is innervated laterally by the ? nerve and medially by the ? nerve

A

Laterally - median nerve

Medially - ulnar nerve

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23
Q

Flexor Pollicus Longus, flexor Digitorum profundus and pronator quadratas are part of what?

A

Deep layer of the anterior forearm

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24
Q

What nerve supplies the deep layer of the anterior forearm?

A

median

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25
Q

Nerve supply to the posterior compartment of the forearm.?

A

Radial

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26
Q

Movements carried out by posterior compartment of forearm?

A

Wrist extension/suppination/abduction and adduction

Digit extension

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27
Q

Supinator, Abductor Pollicus Longus, Extensor Pollicus Longus, Extensor Pollicus Brevis and Extensor Indicis make up what?

A

The deep layer of the posterior forearm

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28
Q

Muscles of the superficial layer of the posterior forearm?

A 
Brachioradialis
Anconeus
Extensor digitorum
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis 
Extensor digiti minimi
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29
Q

Muscles involved in the thenar eminence of the hand?

A

Abductor Pollicus brevis
Flexor Pollicus Brevis
Opponens Brevis

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30
Q

Muscles involved in the hypothenar eminence of the hand./

A

Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Opponens digiti minimi

31
Q

Deep branch of the ulnar nerve supplies which -

the thenar or hypothenar eminence?

A

Hypothenar

32
Q

Why is the thenar eminence affected by carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Because its nerve supply comes from the recurrent branch of the median nerve

33
Q

What nerve passes through the carpal tunnel?

A

Median Nerve

34
Q

The Dorsal interossei is responsible for what?

A

digit abduction

35
Q

Palmar interossei is responsible for what?

A

digit adduction

36
Q

Where does the brachial plexus originate from?

A

Anterior rami of C5-T1

37
Q

What are the five branches of the brachial plexus?

A 
Median
Musculocutaneous
Radial
Ulnar 
Axillary
38
Q

Where does the axillary artery originate?

A

From the subclavian artery

39
Q

What does the axillary artery become?

A

the brachial artery

40
Q

Name the two branches created at the divide of the brachial artery?

A

Radial and Ulnar

41
Q

The ulnar artery becomes the?

A

Superficial palmar arch

42
Q

The radial artery becomes the?

A

Deep palmar arch

43
Q

What forms the carpal tunnel?

A

The flexor retinaculum and the carpal bones

44
Q

contents of the carpal tunnel?

A

Median nerve
4 x Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
4 x Flexor digitorum profundus
1 x Flexor Pollicus Longus

45
Q

Define Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

A

A thenar weakness caused by compression of the median nerve.

Can result in weakness of digits 1 - 3

46
Q

Name the static stabilizers of the shoulder girdle?

A

Labrum and Capsular Ligament

47
Q

What does painful arc syndrome indicate?

A

Rotator Cuff impingement

48
Q

Causes of rotator cuff impingement./

A

Tendinitis
Tear in cuff
Subacromial bursitis
Osteophytes from AC joint

49
Q

What is a Bankhart Lesion?

A

When the labrum detaches

50
Q

Where can you give injections in the shoulder region?

A

The subacromial space

51
Q

Which nerve is most commonly associated with nerve injury in anterior shoulder dislocation?

A

Axillary

52
Q

What is adhesive capsulitis?

A

Frozen shoulder

Results in a global loss of range of movement

53
Q

In AC dislocation and clavicle fractures, what ligaments can be ruptured?

A

Coracoclavicular Ligaments

Look for extreme dislocation in this circumstance

54
Q

Humeral head lying under the coracoid process?

A

Think anterior dislocation of shoulder

55
Q

Joint effusion suggests what?

A

Fracture of Humeral Head or Glenoid

56
Q

95% of shoulder dislocations are anterior? true or false

A

True

57
Q

What does the light bulb sign on an radiograph suggest?

A

Posterior shoulder dislocation

58
Q

What is shoulder pseudosubluxation?

A

Joint effusion causing dis[placement of the humeral head inferiorly
Usually occurs secondary to trauma (can be hemorrhage)

59
Q

What does a wrist drop indicate?

A

Radial nerve damage

often seen in humeral shaft fractures

60
Q

What is lateral epicondylitis?

A

Tennis Elbow

Pain in the lateral aspect of the elbow and forearm

61
Q

Tennis elbow is flexor origin? True or false?

A

False! Its extensor in origin

62
Q

Golfers elbow is flexor in origin? true or false?

A

True.

63
Q

Give the medical term for golfer’s elbow?

A

Medial epicondylitis

64
Q

Supracondylar break of the humerus has a high risk of what?

A

Brachial Artery Occlusion

Median Nerve damage

65
Q

What is a Monteggia Fracture?

A

When the proximal 3rd of the ulna fractures and the radius dislocates

66
Q

What is a Galeazzi Fracture?

A

When the distal 3rd of the radius fractures and there is dislocation at the distal radio-ulnar joint

67
Q

In a wrist fracture what bone is most likely involved?

A

Scaphoid

68
Q

What is Dupuytren’s Contracture?

A

Hand deformity caused by thickening of the tissue in the palm, causing strong contraction

69
Q

What illnesses are associated with Dupuytren’s contracture?

A

Alcoholism and diabetes mellitus type 2.

70
Q

What causes trigger finger?

A

inflammation of the tendons leading to finger or thumb locking when the digits are bent

71
Q

Flexion at the PiP joint and hyper extension of the DiP joint is known as what?

A

Boutonniere Deformity

Caused by a rupture/tear in the slip central tendon

72
Q

Hyper extension and the PiP joint and flexion and the DiP joint is known as what?

A

Swan Neck
Due to rupture of the PIPJ volar plate
Leads to intrinsic muscle tightness

73
Q

What does Froment’s Test look for?

A

Ulnar palsy

Tests the strength of thumb adductor pollicus

74
Q

What is a positive Froment’s test

A

When the thumb compensates for the ulnar weakness by flexing and the IP joint

MSK (5 decks)

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