For adults, how do you look in the ear?
pull up, out and posterior
For children, how do you look in the ear?
pull down, out, and posterior
What color is a normal TM?
translucent and pearly
Where in the ear is affected with conductive hearing loss?
external or middle ear problem
Where in the ear is affected with sensorineural loss?
Inner ear, cochlear nerve, or central brain problem
How to pass the whisper test?
patient needs to repeat the sequence, identify 3 of 6
What is failure of the whisper test?
patient incorrectly identifies 4 of the 6 combinations whispered
What does the weber test test for?
lateralization
Which direction does the cone of light go?
It fans downwards and anterior off the umbo
What are the 4 sinuses?
- Frontal
- Ethmoid
- Sphenoid
- Maxillary
Which sinus does not open until after 7 years of age?
Frontal
Where to feel for palpation of frontal sinus?
press up under bony brows
Where to feel for palpation of maxillary sinus?
palpate maxillary sinus’
List of things in the mouth
- labial frenulum
- lingual frenulum
- gingiva
- sublingual caruncle
- lesser sublingual ducts
- tongue
- hard/soft palate
- uvula
- palatine tonsil
- posterior pharynx
Uvula paralysis results in what? CN IX and X
uvula deviates to the opposite side and soft palate does not rise with saying ah
Whats another name for apthous ulcers?
canker sores
What causes chelitis and what does it look like?
B12 or iron deficiency and red cracks at the corner of the mouth
What is gingivitis?
swelling or ulcerations of the gums
What is torus palatines?
benign lump on hard palate
What is pharyngitis?
Inflammation of the pharynx with resulting sore throat
Streptococcal pharyngitis
group a beta hemolytic streptococcus
Criteria for GABHS
- children 5-15
- winter/spring
- no cough
- tender anterior cervical lymph
- tonsillar exudate
- fever
What are the 5 causes of vertigo?
- Eustachian tube dysfunction
- BPPV
- Vestibular neuritis
- Labrynthitis
- Menieres disease
What is the most common cause of Eustachian tube dysfunction?
When the tube gets inflamed and mucus or fluid builds up
What causes BPPV?
Specific changes in the position of your head
What causes Eustachian tube dysfunction?
flu, sinus infection, or allergies
What is vestibular neuritis?
Inflammation of the nerve associated with balance
What is labrynthitis?
Inflammation of the labyrinth. Occurs when an infection affects both branches of the vestibulo-cochlear nerve.
What is Menieres disease?
Disorder of the inner ear that causes episodes where you feel like you’re spinning and have fluctuating hearing loss with ultimate permanent hearing loss and rising in ears
2 techniques for BPPV?
Dix-Hallpike and Epley