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Clin Lab III > Urinalysis pt. 1 > Flashcards

Urinalysis pt. 1 Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

Excess urea in the urine

A

Azoturia

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2
Q

Waste product of protein metabolism

Formed in the liver and excreted in urine

A

Urea

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3
Q

Muscle protein in the urine

Indicates severe muscle damage

A

Myogloinuria

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4
Q

Crystals in urine

Can cause kidney irritation

A

Crystaluria

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5
Q

Hemoglobin in the urine

A

Hemoglobinuria

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6
Q

HgB comes from RBCs that rupture in the vascular system
Schistocytes are seen
DIC

A

True Hemoglobinuria

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7
Q

HgB comes from RBC that have hemolyzed in the urinary bladder
Bacteria caused

A

False hemoglobinuria

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8
Q

Glucose in the urine

A

Glucosuria, Glycosuria, Dextrosuria

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9
Q

The maintenance of constant osmolality (concentration of urine), regardless of osmotic changes of blood

A

Isothenuria

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10
Q

With Isothenuria, the USG would be

Glomerular filtrate

A

1.008-1.012

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11
Q

Excessive ketones in blood

Seen with high fat diets, starvation, long term anorexia, impaired liver function

A

Ketonemia

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12
Q

Excessive ketones in urine

Occurs with Diabetes Mellitus

A

Ketonuria

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13
Q

A source of energy and produced during fat metabolism

A

Ketones

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14
Q

Early in lactation, when the energy for milk production exceeds the nutritional intake
Caused by insufficient cholesterol intake

A

Ketoacidosis (Ketosis)

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15
Q

Pus in the urine, accompanied by bacteria

A

Pyuria

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16
Q

Stones/calculi in the urinary tract

A

Urolithiasis

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17
Q

Mineral salts that combine to form stone

A

Calculi

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18
Q

Stone

A

Urolith

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19
Q

Act of urinating

A

Micturition

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20
Q

Inflammation of the bladder

Due to infected kidney or urethra

A

Cystitis

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21
Q

Inflammation of the kidneys

A

Nephritis

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22
Q

Feline Urologic Syndrome
aka FLUTD
Complete/partial obstruction of the urinary tract

A

FUS

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23
Q

Mass of capillaries that bring blood to the nephron

A

Renal glomerulus

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24
Q

No urine

Distinct sign of kidney failure

A

Anuria

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25
Large volumes of urine
Polyuria
26
Scanty urine | C/S of renal insufficiency
Oliguria
27
Collection method that has the highest number of contaminants (bacteria, WBCs, RBCs)
Free Catch
28
Collection method that creates trauma and RBCs in urine
Expression
29
Who should not be expressed?
Awake patients
30
Best collection method to check patency of urethra | Can increase number of RBCs, fat droplets, and squamous epithelial cells
Catheterization
31
Preferred method of urine collection | Lowest number of contminants
Cystocentesis
32
Once urine is collected, it should be placed in a UA container or plain
red top tube
33
Urine samples should be analyzed within
30 min-1 hr
34
Refrigeration preserves most urine for
6-12 hrs
35
This is used for urine preservation and will form a layer on top of sample
Toluene
36
Increase in the frequency of urination
pollakuria
37
Excessive amount of urine
polyuria
38
A single urination observation is not enough for examining urine output, you should examine for at least
24 hrs
39
Normal urine output for dogs and cats
20-40 mls
40
Straw, yellow, amber
Normal
41
Pale yellow-yellow
Normal diluted
42
Color of urine that is highly concentrated, Normal for the 1st morning sample Increased SG
Dark yellow
43
Color of urine that is diluted, seen with polydipsia, diabetes, or renal dz
Colorless
44
Color of urine seen with bile pigments, +/- green foam
Dark yellow/bright green
45
This color of urine is seen with hematuria and hemoglobinuria
Bright red
46
Color of urine seen with hematuria/hemoglobinuria, and myoglobinuria
Reddish-brown
47
Color of urine seen with myoglobinuria
Brown
48
Color of urine that is normal for rabbits, horses, and when animals are on certain drugs
Orange
49
The transparency of normal, fresh urine is usually
clear-slightly cloudy
50
This animal's urine is cloudy with mucus
Horse
51
This animal's urine is milky and rusty brown
Rabbit
52
Excess turbidity of the urine is a result of
suspended particles in urine
53
Not highly diagnostic, males have a stronger ______
odor
54
This odor could mean bacteria or cystitis
Ammonia
55
This odor could mean ketones, diabetes, or bacteria
Sweet
56
This odor could mean bacteria
fruity
57
Read using a refractometer
Specific gravity
58
Measure of the solute concentration in urine | Assesses the ability of the renal tubules to concentrate or dilute filtrate
SG
59
Normal USG of dogs
1.018-1.045 (1.025)
60
Normal USG of cats
1.020-1.040 (1.030)
61
Most accurate of the dipstick tests
pH
62
Animal urine is slightly
acidic
63
Foam in urine is an indication of
protein
64
If a dipstick is placed in hydrogen peroxide, chlorine, or formaldehyde, OR if the strip is outdated, it will result in a _____ _____________ for the protein test
false positive
65
If there is excess Vitamin C or certain drugs such as salicylates or tetracyclines that the pt is on, it will result in a _______ ___________ for the protein test
false negative
66
Glucose levels exceed the threshold
Hyperglycemia
67
Type of hyperglycemia that is caused by Diabetes Mellitus and hyperadrenocorticism
Persistent hyperglycemia
68
Type of hyperglycemia that is stress related, pancreatitis, or 1-2 post meal
Transient hyperglycemia
69
Metabolic product derived from excess acetylcholine from fatty acids within the liver
Ketones
70
The least accurate test on a dipstick
Urobilinogen
71
2nd least useful dipstick test
Nitrate
72
True HgBuria is caused by
Intravascular hemolysis
73
False HgBuria is caused by
RBCs lysing in the bladder
74
Clear supernatant with whole RBCs sedimenting at the bottom
Hematuria
75
Red supernatant with Whole RBCs and Ghost Cells sedimenting at the bottom
Myoglobinuria
76
Red supernatant with ghost cells sedimenting at the bottom
Hemoglobinuria

Clin Lab III (6 decks)

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