Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Question 1

Where are the kidneys?

Answer 1

bean-shaped organs on either side of the spine
- below the rips

Question 2

What is the function of the kidneys?

Answer 2

• removes waste from the blood
• produces urine
• helps to maintain homeostasis

Question 3

What are nephrons?

Answer 3

functional unit of the kidney

Question 4

What are ureters?

Answer 4

long pair of tubes that carry urine from kidney to bladder

Question 5

What is peristalsis?

Answer 5

wavelike contractions to the bladder to move urine

Question 6

What is the urinary bladder and its function?

Answer 6

small sac located in pelvic cavity
- stores urine

Question 7

What is the urethra and its function?

Answer 7

tube carrying urine from the bladder to the outside of the body
- urination

Question 8

Which gender has the shorter urethra?

Answer 8

females

Question 9

Which organ connects the epididymis to the erethra?

Answer 9

vas deferens

Question 10

What is the normal output range for urine?

Answer 10

800 to 2000 milliliters per day

Question 11

When does the bladder tell you to pee?

Answer 11

at around 150 mL

Question 12

What is urea?

Answer 12

main waste product excreted (breakdown of proteins)

Question 13

What is the purpose of urine?

Answer 13

maintains pH for the body

Question 14

What is acute kidney (renal) failure?

Answer 14

small loss of kidney function
- reversible

Question 15

What is acute renal failure caused by?

Answer 15

poisons or alcohol abuse

Question 16

What is chronic kidney/renal failure?

Answer 16

kidneys slowly lose ability to function
- not reversible

Question 17

What is chronic kidney/renal failure caused by?

Answer 17

hypertension

Question 18

What is incontinence?

Answer 18

inability to control urination

Question 19

What is cystitis?

Answer 19

bladder inflammation or infection

Question 20

What is urethritis?

Answer 20

blasser inflammation or infection

Question 21

What is urinary tract infection? (UTI)

Answer 21

infection in any part of the urinary system

Question 22

What is pyelonephritis?

Answer 22

UTI that extends up to the kidneys

Question 23

What is renal calculi?

Answer 23

kidney stones

Question 24

What are other names for kidney stones?

Answer 24

• renal calculi
• urolithiasis
• nephrolithiasis

Question 25

What is glomerulonephritis?

Answer 25

inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney - can lead to failure

Question 26

What is polysystic kidney disease?

Answer 26

cysts develop in the kidneys which lead to failure

Question 27

What is the most abundant male sex hormone?

Answer 27

testosterone

Question 28

Where are the testes? What is their function?

Answer 28

located inside scrotum - makes sperm and testosterone

Question 29

What is the scrotum and its function?

Answer 29

pouch of skin that houses the testes

Question 30

What is the function of the penis?

Answer 30

moves semen and urine out of the body

Question 31

What is the epidymis and its function?

Answer 31

coiled tube where sperm cells mature

Question 32

What is the vas deferens and its function?

Answer 32

connects epididymis to urethra - carries sperm cells to urethra

Question 33

What are the seminal vesicles?

Answer 33

sac-like organs that secrete seminal fluid

Question 34

Where is the prostate gland?

Answer 34

Located just below the bladder - surrounds top part of urethra

Question 35

What is the function of the prostate gland?

Answer 35

- contracts during ejaculation to move sperm forward - secretes fluid that protects sperm within the vagina

Question 36

What is benign prostatic hypertrophy?

Answer 36

nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland

Question 37

What is epididymitis?

Answer 37

inflammation of the epididymis

Question 38

What is impotence or erectile dysfunction?

Answer 38

erection can't be achieved or maintained

Question 39

What is hydrocele?

Answer 39

swelling in the scrotum that occurs when fluid collects surrounding a testicle

Question 40

What is prostate cancer?

Answer 40

most common form of cancer in men over 40

Question 41

What is prostatitis?

Answer 41

inflammation of the prostate gland - acute or chronic

Question 42

What is testicular cancer?

Answer 42

malignant growth in one or both testicles - aggressive malignancy

Question 43

What are ovaries? What is their function?

Answer 43

pair of oval-shaped organs that produce ova, estrogen, and progesterone

Question 44

What are the fallopian tubes and their functions?

Answer 44

pair of tubes where eggs travel from the ovaries to the uterus

Question 45

What is the uterus?

Answer 45

part that receives fertilized egg

Question 46

What happens to the uterus when you're not pregnant?

Answer 46

uterine lining sloughs off and causes menstruation

Question 47

What are the female hormones?

Answer 47

- estrogen - progesterone - estradiol

Question 48

What is the vagina?

Answer 48

connects uterus to the outside of the body

Question 49

What is the vulva?

Answer 49

external portion of the vagina

Question 50

What is the labia majora?

Answer 50

folds of skin that protect external female genitalia

Question 51

What is the labia minora?

Answer 51

folds of skin within labia majora - forms hood over clitoris

Question 52

Where is the clitoris?

Answer 52

anterior of the urethra

Question 53

What are the mammary glands? What is the function?

Answer 53

- nipple + areola + alveolar glands - secretes milk

Question 54

What is endometriosis?

Answer 54

tissues of uterine lining grow outside of the uterus

Question 55

What is the fibrocystic breast disease?

Answer 55

abnormal cystic tissue in the breast

Question 56

What are fibroids?

Answer 56

benign tumors in the uterine wall

Question 57

What is ovarian cancer?

Answer 57

detection difficult due to lack of symptoms spreading before detection - poor survival rate

Question 58

What is breast cancer?

Answer 58

second leading cause of cancer deaths in women

Question 59

What is cervical cancer?

Answer 59

slow to develop - pap smear detects abnormal cervical cells

Question 60

What is manorrhagia?

Answer 60

heavy menstrual flow

Question 61

What is dysmenorrhea?

Answer 61

condition with severe menstrual cramps that limit normal activites

Question 62

What is premenstrual syndrome? (PMS)

Answer 62

collection of symptoms occurirng just before a menstrual period

Question 63

What is vaginitis/vulvovaginitis?

Answer 63

inflammation of the vagina and/or vulva - both have abnormal vaginal discharge

Question 64

What is uterine/endometrial cancer?

Answer 64

most common in post-menopausal women - 6% of cancer deaths

Question 65

What is infertility?

Answer 65

inability to conceive - 35% due to male factors - 35% due to female factors - 20% due to a combination of male and female factors

Question 66

What is pelvic inflammatory disease?

Answer 66

caused by untreated STI - infection of a woman's reproductive organs

Question 67

What is the function of mechanical barriers? (condom)

Answer 67

prevents sperm from entering female reproductive tract - decreases risk of transmission of certain STIs

Question 68

What are contraceptive implants?

Answer 68

small rods of progesterone implanted beneath skin - cannot take BP or blood from arm with this implant

Question 69

What are surgical methods of contraception?

Answer 69

tubal ligation: cut and tied fallopian tubes vasectomy: cut and tied vas deferens

Question 70

What is an intrauterine device (IUD)?

Answer 70

long-acting reversible contraception

Question 71

What are examples of hormonal contraception?

Answer 71

pill or depo provera injection