Urinary Study Guide

Question 1

Four systems that carry out secretion?

Answer 1

Respiratory
Integumentary
Digestive
Urinary

Question 2

4 Nitrogenous wastes?

Answer 2

Ammonia
Creatinin
Urea
Uric Acid

Question 3

What is BUN?

Answer 3

Blood Urea Nitrogen

Question 4

Functions of Kidneys

Answer 4

Eliminate waste; Regulate blood volume, pressure, pH, & osmolarity; Secrete enzyme renin, hormone erythrpoietin, calcitrol, and gluconeogenesis.

Question 5

What is the function of the collecting duct?

Answer 5

get fluid back from DCT’s of several nephrons as it passes pack into medulla

Question 6

Function of Renal corpuscle

Answer 6

Filter blood plasma

Question 7

function of glomerulus

Answer 7

encloses glomerulus

Question 8

Function of Renal Tubule

Answer 8

converts filtrate to urine

Question 9

How much of the filtrate is ultimately reabsorped by the nephron?

Answer 9

99%

Question 10

Order of flow of fluid through the nephron

Answer 10

glomerular capsule → proximal convoluted tubule → nephron loop → distal convoluted tubule → collecting duct → papillary duct → minor calyx → major calyx → renal pelvis → ureter → urinary bladder → urethra

Question 11

Know the composition and properties and urine.

Answer 11

pH=4.5 to 8.2 usually 6.0 (mildly acidic)
should not have sugar, blood, or protein
urea
95% water, 5% solutes

Question 12

What are the 4 forms of diabetes?

Answer 12

Type 1 - no insulin
Type 2 - insulin insensitivity
Gestational Diabetes - during pregnancy
Insipidous - hyposecretion ADH

Question 13

What is causes type 1 diabetes?

Answer 13

no insulin

Question 14

What causes type 2 diabetes?

Answer 14

insulin insensitivity

Question 15

What causes gestational diabetes?

Answer 15

during pregnancy

Question 16

What causes diabetes insipidous?

Answer 16

Insipidous hyposecretion ADH

Question 17

What are the ureters?

Answer 17

tubes that extends from kidney to urinary bladder

Question 18

Characteristics of urinary bladder?

Answer 18

sac located on floor of pelvic cavity

Question 19

What is the micturation reflex?

Answer 19

reflex that partly controls urination

Question 20

What is hemodialysis?

Answer 20

procedure for artificially clearing wastes from the blood

Question 21

What is a diuretic?

Answer 21

chemical that increases urine volume

Question 22

What 3 barriers make the filtration membrane?

Answer 22

Fenestrated endothelium
basement membrane
filtration slits

Question 23

What drives filtration?

Answer 23

pressure

Question 24

What is GFR and how is it controlled?

Answer 24

Glomerular Filtration Rate controlled by pressure

Question 25

What is renal autoregulation?

Answer 25

nephrons adjust their own blood flow & GFR

Question 26

What are aquaporins?

Answer 26

water channels

Question 27

What’s the difference between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons?

Answer 27

Cortical=short loops

Juxtamedullary=long loops

Question 28

Descending and ascending limb maintain…

Answer 28

NaCl gradient

Question 29

Distal convoluted tubule

Answer 29

Water

Question 30

What ion is the key to everything?

Answer 30

Sodium

Question 31

What % is reabsorbed by the PCT?

Answer 31

65% or 66%

Question 32

What 3 barriers make the filtration membrane?

Answer 32

Fenestrated endothelium
Basement membrane
Filtration slits

Question 33

What does PTH effect?

Answer 33

increases calcium