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URO > URO - Week 1 *** > Flashcards

URO - Week 1 *** Flashcards

Male reproductive anatomy non-postered

1
Q

What is the vaginal tunic?

A

an invagination of the peritoneum

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2
Q

State the 2 layers of the testes from outermost to innermost

A

visceral layer of the vaginal tunic
tunica albuginea

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3
Q

state the layers of the scrotum from outermost to innermost

A

scrotal skin
tunica dartos
scrotal fascia
parietal layer of the vaginal tunic

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4
Q

State the function of the testis

A

to produce spermatozoa and testosterone

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5
Q

Describe the appearance of the mediastinum of the testis on an ultrasound in a transverse view

A

circular appearance

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6
Q

Describe the appearance of the mediastinum of the testis on an ultrasound in a sagittal (longitudinal) view

A

linear appearance

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7
Q

Describe the structure of the epididymis. What general function does this structure enable?

A

it is one long convoluted duct surrounded by smooth muscle

the transport of spermatozoa

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8
Q

State 2 other general functions of the epididymis

A

resorption of fluid
secretion of proteins

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9
Q

Epididymis: State the function of the head and body

A

continuous transport of spermatozoa

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10
Q

Epididymis: State the function of the tail (2)

A

storage of mature spermatozoa
smooth muscle contracts during sexual stimulation to transport spermatozoa into the ductus deferens

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11
Q

What does the ductus deferens connect?

A

the tail of the epididymis to the pelvic urethra

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12
Q

How does the structure of the ductus deferens relate to its function?

A

it has a very strong smooth muscle wall for propulsion of spermatozoa

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13
Q

state 2 functions of the pampiniform plexus

A

heat exchange
testosterone transfer from testicular vein to testicular artery to produce a high local concentration in the testis

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14
Q

how does the pampiniform plexus regulate the temperature of the testis? 3

A

the venules carrying blood away from the testis wrap the testicular artery
heat is transferred from the testicular artery into the venous blood
this cools the blood being delivered to the testis

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15
Q

how does the pampiniform plexus have a function in testosterone transfer?

A

the concentration of testosterone is higher in the venules surrounding the testicular artery than in the arteriole blood
testosterone diffuses into arteriole blood down its concentration gradient to be delivered back to the testicle

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16
Q

why do we need mechanisms to cool down the testicles?

A

to enable sperm to be produced and survive

17
Q

give 2 other ways the temperature of the testes is regulated

A

the tunica dartos muscle in the scrotal skin can have long lasting contractions to bring the testis into a warmer environment

the cremaster muscle in the spermatic cord can contract to enable short term elevation of the testes

18
Q

What is the name given to the fluid created by all the accessory reproductive glands and epididymis secretions?

A

seminal plasma

19
Q

what are the 2 different types of prostate gland?

A

corpus - sits on top of the urethra area
disseminate - sits within the urethralis muscle

20
Q

State the 2 striated muscles responsible for transporting semen through the urethra?

A

urethralis muscle
bulbospongiosus muscle

21
Q

What is the function of the ischiocavernosus muscle? 2

A

it encloses the crura penis
it is important for erection

22
Q

Erectile tissue: How many column of erectile tissue are there in the penis?
- what are they

A

3

2 corpus cavernosums
corpus spongiosum

23
Q

erectile tissue - describe the structure of the corpus cavernosum

A

surrounded by dense connective tissue called the tunica albuginea

24
Q

erectile tissue - describe the structure of the corpus spongiosum

A

surrounds the urethra

25
Q

state the 2 types of penis

A

fibroelastic
musculocavernous

26
Q

describe the structure of the fibroelastic penis
2

A

lots of fibroelastic tissue in the corpus cavernosum
little increase in length and girth during erection

27
Q

how does an erection occur for a fibroelastic penis? 2
- state species with this type of penis 2

A

the retractor penis muscles relax
the sigmoid flexure stretches

pig
ruminants

28
Q

which species have a musculocavernous penis 2
- describe this type of penis 2

A

stallion
dog

contains more muscular and less connective tissue in the corpus cavernosum
significant increase in length and girth during erection

29
Q

what other structure do dogs have in there penis?

A

os penis

30
Q

what is the glans penis supported by?
what about in dogs
- what is its role

A

the corpus spongiosum

the corpus spongiosum and the os penis

it is the opening to the urethra

URO (21 decks)

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