Urologic Problems and Drugs

Question 1

common urological problems

Answer 1

• uncomplicated UTI
• overactive bladder
• incontinence

Question 2

UTI

Answer 2

urinary tract infection of the lower urinary tract or bladder
- most common in women due to short urethra, incomplete emptying, irritation

Question 3

most common bacteria causing UTI

Answer 3

e. coli

Question 4

bacteriuria

Answer 4

bacteria in the urine that is NOT causing infection

Question 5

urethritis

Answer 5

infection of the urethra

Question 6

cystitis

Answer 6

infection of the bladder

Question 7

s/s of UTI

Answer 7

• asymptomatic
• urgency
• frequency
• dysuria
• hematuria
• cloudy/foul urine
• fever/chills/fatigue

Question 8

diagnosis of UTI

Answer 8

• H&P
• UA
• urine culture
• CBC

Question 9

treatment of UTI

Answer 9

• antibiotics
• inc fluids
• avoid irritants
• loose cotton clothes
• frequent urination
• probiotics

Question 10

protection against UTI

Answer 10

• acidic urine
• presence of urea
• sex specific factors (men have prostatic secretion, women have urethral gland secretions)
• urine flow is unidirectional (one way valve)
• immune system

Question 11

UTI risk factors

Answer 11

• catheterization
• females (perineal irritation)
• older age
• pregnancy
• sexual activity (spermicide use w diaphragm or condom)
• urinary obstruction or reflux
• immobility
• incontinence
• dec cognition
• bad personal hygiene
• men more likely to have recurrent bc hides deep in prostate

Question 12

lower UTI clinical manifestations

Answer 12

urethritis: dysuria, asymptomatic
cystitis: frequency, urgency, suprapubic discomfort, dysuria
hematuria possible

Question 13

atypical UTI symptoms children

Answer 13

• fever
• irritability
• poor feeding
• vomiting
• D
• ill appearance
• understand if they are able to verbalize

Question 14

atypical UTI symptoms elderly

Answer 14

• anxiety
• confusion
• lethargy
• anorexia
• hx of falling

Question 15

pharm for lower UTI

Answer 15

• trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole
• ciprofloxacin
• nitrofurantoin

Question 16

which drug is used for UTI when ppl have sulfa allergies

Answer 16

ciprofloxacin

Question 17

which drug is used as first line for UTI

Answer 17

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
- no sulfa allergies

Question 18

which drug is used for recurrent UTIs

Answer 18

nitrofurantoin

Question 19

urinary tract analgesic

Answer 19

phenazopyridine

Question 20

phenazopyridine moa

Answer 20

local analgesic action
- a dye used in paint

Question 21

phenazopyridine se

Answer 21

well tolerated
reddish-orange urine

Question 22

phenazopyridine therapeutic use

Answer 22

relief of pain due to UTI

Question 23

manifestations of overactive bladder

Answer 23

sudden urge to urinate
may experience urgency incontinence
inc frequency, usually 8 or more times in 24 hrs
nocturia, wake up more than 2 times in the night

Question 24

causes of overactive bladder

Answer 24

neurological disorders
DM
UTIs
hormonal changes
tumor/stones
obstructions

Question 25

mirabegron class

Answer 25

antispasmatic (urinary)

Question 26

mirabegron moa

Answer 26

selectively stimulates beta-3 adrenergic recepetors relaxing bladder smooth muscles

Question 27

mirabegron se

Answer 27

- HTN - urinary retention - UTI - headache

Question 28

mirabegron nc

Answer 28

contraindicated for ppl with HTN

Question 29

urinary incontinence

Answer 29

involuntary leakage of urine immediately after a sudden sensation to urinate

Question 30

causes of incontinence

Answer 30

overactive detrusor muscle that suddenly contracts which inc w age - bladder infection that irritates bladder lining - bladder outlet obstruction (enlarged prostate) - CNS condition - drugs

Question 31

stress incontinence

Answer 31

occurs when urine is involuntarily lost w incs in intra abdominal pressure

Question 32

causes of stress incontinence

Answer 32

- loss of pelvic floor and/or loss of fascial support of bladder and urethra - inc intra abdominal pressure caused by sneezing - w/out support, changes normal angle btw bladder and urethra

Question 33

risk factors of stress incontinence

Answer 33

- age - obesity - child birth related trauma - pelvic surgery

Question 34

other types of incontinence

Answer 34

- mixed: urge and stress - overflow: bladder too full - functional: physical and env limitations and inability to get to toilet in time - transient: sudden onset that is reversible, related to UTI, constipation, fecal impaction

Question 35

why is urinary incontinence a problem

Answer 35

- can cause inflammation of the skin - damage skin vulnerable to infection - damp, warm skin is breeding ground for bacteria and fungi - areas at risk are genitals, btw buttocks, inner thighs

Question 36

oxybutynin class

Answer 36

anti cholinergic

Question 37

oxybutynin moa

Answer 37

blocks the action of ACh which activates smooth muscles

Question 38

oxybutynin indications

Answer 38

over active bladder incontinence

Question 39

oxybutynin se

Answer 39

dry mouth constipation

Question 40

oxybutynin nc

Answer 40

only PO - can be found as extended release