Urological Cancers Flashcards
(15 cards)
What is the most common type of bladder cancer?
Transitional cell carcinoma
What are the risk factors for bladder cancer?
Smoking Aniline dyes Rubber Textiles Printing
What are the management options for bladder cancer?
TURBT (transurethral resection of bladder tumour)
Flexible cytoscopy surveillance for low grade tumours
Intravesical chemotherapy/immunotherapy
Radical cystectomy
Radiotherapy
What indicates Stage 1 bladder cancer?
Carcinoma cells within the lining of the bladder
What indicated Stage 2 bladder cancer?
Carcinoma cells into the bladder muscle
What indicates Stage 3 bladder cancer?
Carcinoma cells into fat around the bladder
What indicates Stage 4 bladder cancer?
Carcinoma cells invading into other organs around the bladder e.g. prostate, vagina, cervix
What is the management of prostate cancer?
Staging - MRI/bone scan Active surveillance / watchful waiting Surgical - radical prostatectomy Radical radiotherapy Hormones
What are common presentations of prostate cancer?
LUTS Bone pain Weight loss Blood in urine Family hx
What demographic is affected by testicular cancer?
Young men
What are the types of testicular cancer?
Germ cell: seminomatous, non-seminomatous
Non-Germ cell
What investigations are done for testicular cancer?
USS - urgent, same day
Tumour markers
What tumour markers are tested in testicular cancer?
AFP
bHCG
LDH
What is important to consider in management of testicular cancer?
Sperm banking
What is the management for testicular cancer?
Radical inguinal orchidectomy +/-prosthesis for cosmetic effect
