usmlerx peds 1 Flashcards
(131 cards)
1
Q
Crigler Najjar Syndrome
A
Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
2
Q
Black pigmented liver
A
Dubin Johnson
3
Q
Tx: NEC
A
Breast Milk
4
Q
Musty body odor
A
PKU
5
Q
FTT, Persistant Jaundice, poor feeding
A
Classic Galactosemia (avoid galactose and lactose)
6
Q
Exchange Transfusions for Jaundice
A
Neurotoxicity is present or bili levels are insanely high
7
Q
Sx: Wilm’s Tumor
A
Flank mass not crossing midline n/v Anemia, HTN Hematuria WAGR
8
Q
WAGR
A
WAGR Wilms tumor Aniridia GU abnormalities Retardation
9
Q
Sx: ARPKD
A
BILATERAL masses Pulm Hypoplasia Oligohydramnios HTN
10
Q
Three per second spike and wave discharges
A
Absence Seizures (Tx: Ethosuximide)
11
Q
Tx: Complex Partial Seizure
A
carbam, oxcarb, lamotrig, phenytoin, topiramate, valproic acid
12
Q
Loss of consciousness looking upward
A
Arnold Chiari
13
Q
Arnold Chiari presents
A
usually in adulthood
14
Q
Dandy Walker presents
A
early infancy
15
Q
Sx: Dandy Walker
A
(4th ventricle enlargement) Motor- jerky mvmnts ICP Convulsions, vomiting Eyes- mvmnts
16
Q
Sx: SCIDs
A
small thymus FTT Diarrhea Recurrent infxns
17
Q
What is Transposition of the Great Vessels?
A
Aorta stems from RV Pulm artery stems from LV -MCC of Cyanotic Congenital HD
18
Q
Egg shaped heart
A
Transposition of Great Vessels
19
Q
Tx: TGV
A
Prostaglandin E1s OR Balloon Atrial septostomy to open/maintain ASD until surgiery to switch the vessels
20
Q
Sx: Malathion poisoning
A
Organphosphate (incACh)-> DUMBBELS Diarrhea, Urination, Miosis, Bronchconstriction, Bradycardia, Emesis, Lacrimation, Salivation
21
Q
Sx: Anticholinergic poisoning
A
Blind as a bat (Myadriasis) Mad as a Hatter Red as a Beet Hot as a Hare Dry as a Bone Bladder/Bowels lose their tone and the heart runs alone
22
Q
Child with cold, RUQ Pain
A
Acetaminophen overdose
23
Q
Sx: Ethylene Glycol overdose
A
Ataxia/Confusion HTN, Tachypnea, Tachycardic *Oxalic acid crystals in urine Kussmaul, incAG metabolic acidosis
24
Q
Tx: Ethylene Glycol
A
Fomepizole or Ethanol (direct competitor for Alc Dehyd’ase)
25
Dx: Bacterial Vaginosis
Wet mount prep showing Clue cells
26
Sx: Lower UTI vs. Upper UTI
Flank pain, fever, chills indicate upper UTI (ie Pyelonephritis)
27
Tx: Rickettsia
Doxycycline
28
Maculopapular pink rash starting on trunk and spreads to face and hands, fever
Roseola
29
Tx: Roseola (Sixth Dz)
None, self limiting
30
Etiology: Scarlet Fever
Group A Strep (S. Pyogenes)
31
Sx: Scarlet Fever
Strawberry tongue Sandpaper like rash on trunk that desquamates
32
Scarlet Fever leads to
Rheumatic Fever
33
Tx: Scarlet Fever
Penicillin
34
Hypokalemia, HTN, Ambiguous Genitalia
11-?-OH Deficiency (So the kid gets increased amounts of Sex androgens and also 11 Deoxycort's which yield the HTN)
35
Sx: Sickle Cell
Anemia Pallor, Fatigue even kids can have strokes!!
36
Murmur loudest at L Sternal Border, nonbounding pulses
TGV
37
Murmur loudest at L Sternal Border, bounding pulses
Truncus Arteriosus
38
Rash on Flexor surfaces (elbow, buttocks, knees)
Atopic Dermatitis "Flexzema"
39
Raised red lesions with silvery scales
Psoriasis
40
Vaccinations and acute illnesses
Fever is not a contraindication but it can be cause to delay. Fever + URI + Otitis Media would be cause to give antibiotics and delay vaccination
41
Dapsone treats
Leprosy ITP Prophylaxis for HIV Jiroveci
42
Tx: Systemic mycoses
Amphotericin B or Fluconazole
43
Tx: CMV
Foscarnet
44
Tx: Varicella Zoster
Acyclovir
45
Tx: EBV
Acyclovir
46
Sx: Trisomy 13
Microcephaly, Microphthalmia Polydactyl Holoprosencephaly
47
Sx: Trisomy 18
Horseshoe kidneys Micrognathia Congenital Heart Defects Malrotation of GI
48
Sx: RSV
Hypersecretions lead to mucus plugs which leads to hyperinflation Ronchi/Wheezing Rinorrhea
49
Sx: Roseola
High Fever Rash
50
Complications of Supracondylar Humerus Fractures
Compartment Syndrome (dt Brachial a.) Volkmann's Contracture (ischemic contracture shortening of the forearm muscles)
51
Lisch Nodules
Raised pigmented hamartomas of the iris in NF-1
52
Retinal Hamartomas
Tuberous Sclerosis
53
Leukocoria
Retinoblastoma
54
Pediatric Glaucoma
Sturge Weber (50%)
55
Nonretinal Hamartomas
Tuberous Sclerosis
56
Sx: Pertussis
Inspiratory stridor ("whoop") Cough, Coryza Low grade fever Paroxysmal coughing
57
Sx: H Influ
Kids- Hi fever, Myalgia, Cough, Chills Babies- URI, Bronchitis, Bronchiolitis, pneumonia, laryngeotracheitis, myositis, parotitis
58
Sx: Polio
Fever, Malaise Pharyngitis n/v weak skeletal/cranial muscles, flaccid paralysis
59
Sx: Measles
Cough Coryza Conjunctivitis Koplik's spots
60
Koplik's Spots Appearance
small red spots with grey centers on buccosal mucosa
61
Legg Calve Perthes Disease
Proximal Femur Epiphysis vascular osteonecrosis ~4-8yoa
62
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Salter Harris type 1 Fx of the proximal femoral epiphysis -11-15yoa (often African American boys)
63
Sx: Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn
Respiratory Distress (cyanosis, nasal flaring etc) Fissures, prominent pulm vascular markings Overexpansion of lungs/Flattened diaphragm
64
Sx: Diaphragmatic Hernia
Air filled bowel in chest Decreased breath sounds over hernia Displaced Heart sounds to opposite side of hernia
65
Sx: Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome
fine reticular granular pattern and air bronchograms pre-term
66
Sx: Pulmonary Hemorrhage
Diffuse Opacified Lung(s), air bronchogram
67
Sx: Pulm Interstitial Emphysema
Linear lucencies radiating from the hilum, or cystlike blebs <48hrs of birth HoTN, Bradycardia, Hypoxic Preterms
68
Risk Factors: Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn
Premature birth Precipitous birth Cesarean Section
69
Dx: Tinea Pedis
KOH prep (see branching hyphae)
70
Dx: Tinea Capitis
Wood's lamp
71
Dx: Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
Wood's lamp
72
G+ cocci in clusters, bacterial tracheitis, brassy cough, hi fever in kids
S. Aureus
73
G- Diplococc, bacterial tracheitis, kids
Moraxella Catarrhis
74
G- Rod, bacterial tracheitis, kids
H Influ (nontypeable)
75
Sx: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, 21-OH Deficiency
Deficiency of Aldosterone and Cortisol (Inc ACTH) Inc Sex Hormones leads to virilized genitalia
76
Sx: Nonbilious vomiting, RUQ mass
Pyloric Stenosis
77
Hypochloremic Metabolic Alkalosis
Pyloric Stenosis
78
Double bubble sign
Malrotation
79
Bilious vomiting with bloody stools
Volvulus
80
RUQ olive mass, nonbilious vomiting
Pyloric Stenosis
81
Sausage mass with currant jelly stools
Intussusception
82
Malrotations are associated with
Diaphragmatic hernias Gastroschisis Omphalocele Intestinal Atresia
83
Sx: Volvulus
Bilious vomiting Bloody stool/Melena Ligament of Treitz on right side Duodenal "Beak"
84
Sx: Rotavirus
Nonbloody diarrhea fecal oral spread Dehydration Vomiting Low-moderate fever
85
daycare center, january, diarrhea
Rotavirus
86
Sx: Salmonella
n/v diarrhea (may contain blood or mucus)
87
reptile contact, diarrhea
Salmonella
88
Antibiotics should never be prescribed for which diarrhea
Salmonella
89
G- Flagellated rod
Campylobacter jejuni
90
Sx: Campylobacter
Fever HA Bloody Diarrhea
91
Sx: C. Difficile
Fever Diarrhea (test stool for C-D toxins)
92
Sx: Enteric Adenovirus
Diarrhea URI-like symptoms Spring/summer
93
Sx: Giardia
Watery diarrhea Flatulence Foul smelling greasy stools
94
Sx: Shigella
Fever Bloody, pus speckled diarrhea Fecal-oral, daycares
95
Sx: S. Aureus diarrhea
Emesis is often first symptom Right after food
96
Sx: Vibrio
Watery diarrhea (rice water) seafood
97
Vibrio Cholera vs Parahaemolyticus
Parahem- Japan, no Tx, Resolves in 3 days
98
Tx: Vibrio
Fluids -can also give Doxy or Flouroquinolone
99
Tx: Shigella
Flouroquinolones
100
Sx: E. Coli- Enterotoxigenic
rice water stool in 3rd world travelers
101
Sx: E. Coli- Enterohemorrhagic
Hemorrhagic colitis, O157:H7- HUS syndrome
102
Sx: E. Coli- Enteroinvasive
Fever WBCs in stool
103
Sx: HUS
Thrombocytopenia Renal Failure (Uremia) Hemolytic Anemia
104
Sx: Angelman
angeLMAM'S Laughing Mental delays Ataxia/mvmnt disorders Microcephaly Seizures (tonic clonic)
105
Sx: Epiglottitis
Rapid fever Dysphagia Drooling Lung sounds, cyanosis "Sniffing position" (next extension)
106
MCC of Epiglottitis
(Used to be Hib before vaccine) nontype H Influ, Streps, virals
107
Oily stools, jaundice
CF
108
Pancreatitis, Hypoproteinemia, Lung sounds
CF
109
Small hard nodule on testicle, gynecomastia
Choriocarcinoma (B-hcg yields gynecomastia)
110
Testicle tumors with ?fp
Teratomas Teratocarcinomas Embryonal Cell tumors
111
Urinary Catecholamines in a child
Neuroblastoma
112
Sx: Neuroblastoma
Periorbital bruising, Proptosis Lymphadenopathy HTN
113
Sx: ALL
Pancytopenia Lymphadenopathy Fever FTT Petechiae (NOT bruising), Pallor
114
Worst prognostic feature of Aortic Stenosis
Dyspnea
115
Hydrops Fetalis
Congenital Syphilis
116
Cutaneous Lesions on hands/soles of neonate
Congenital Syphilis
117
Sx: Congenital Syphilis
Hepatosplenomegaly, Jaundice Frontal Bossing, Short Maxilla, Hi Palatal Arch Hutchinson's triad Saddle Nose Perioral Fissure
118
Metaphyseal Dystrophy and Periostitis
Congenital Syphilis
119
Hutchinson's Triad
Blunted upper incisors Interstitial Keratitis Eighth Nerve Deafness (Congenital Syphilis)
120
G- Intracellular Aerobe
C. Trachomatis
121
Sx: DiGeorge
Cleft palate Abnormal facies Thymic aplasia Cardiac (Tetralogy) Hypocalcemia/parathyroid hypoplasia
122
Dx: Sickle Cell
Hemoglobin Electrophoresis
123
Dx: Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Nitroblue Tetrazolium
124
Dx: VACTERL
Renal ultrasound
125
VACTERL
Vertebrae, Anal atresia, CV tree, Tracheo-Esophageal fistula, Renal
126
Rocky mountain rash
starts on hands and feet and spreads to trunk
127
Sx: Rh Incompatability
MUST have had kids before! Mother- Rh- Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia Anemia inc Hematopoeiesis Coombs
128
Breast Jaundice is usually seen at Day
Day 3
129
Tx: Mild Persistant Asthma
Lo Dose Inhaled Corticosteroid
130
Cromolyn Sodium is
block Leukotriene Rec ->block Mast cell Asthma Prophylaxis (has to be started weeks ahead of time)
131
Tx: Moderate Persistant Asthma
Short acting bronchodilators low to medium dose corticosteroids Long acting inhaled B2 agonist
