uworld factoids

Question 1

skeletal manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 1

osteitis fibrosa cystica

Question 2

brown pigment stones - cause

Answer 2

due to infections of the biliary tract - bacteria release beta-glucuronidase that increases the amount of unconjugated bilirubin in bile

Question 3

succinylcholine can cause significant release of what electrolyte

Answer 3

potassium (can lead to arryhtmias)

Question 4

consequence of biliary hypomotility

Answer 4

biliary sludge

Question 5

congenital toxoplasmosis transmission

Answer 5

in utero

Question 6

medullary carcinoma of the thyroid - histology

Answer 6

amyloid formed by calcitonin secreted from neoplastic parafollicular C cells

Question 7

single palmar crease

Answer 7

trisomy 21

Question 8

local defense against candida is carried out by

Answer 8

T cells

Question 9

systemic infection of candida is prevented by

Answer 9

neutrophils

Question 10

imperforate anus occurs with what other abnormalities

Answer 10

urinary tract defects

Question 11

direct inguinal hernia occurs due to breakdown of what?

Answer 11

transversalis fascia

Question 12

baroreceptors transmit their information to what part of the brain?

Answer 12

solitary nucleus of the medulla

Question 13

hypertension race risk

Answer 13

black>white>asian

Question 14

what causes abdominal aortic aneuryms?

Answer 14

atherosclerosis

Question 15

what causes thoracic aortic aneurysm?

Answer 15

tertiary syphilis, marfans

Question 16

tertiary sysphilis causes thoracic abdominal aneurysm how

Answer 16

endarteritis of vasa vasorum

Question 17

how does HTN cause aortic dissection

Answer 17

hypertrophy of vasa vasorum

Question 18

markedly different bp in both arms

Answer 18

aortic dissection

Question 19

hemophilia B inheritance pattern

Answer 19

X linked recessive

Question 20

huntingtons inheritance pattern

Answer 20

autosomal dominant

Question 21

classical galactosemia inheritance pattern

Answer 21

autosomal recessive

Question 22

lesch nyhan inheritance pattern

Answer 22

x linked recessive

Question 23

LHON inheritance

Answer 23

mitochondrial

Question 24

top 1/3 of ureters are supplied by what artery?

Answer 24

renal artery

Question 25

whats the most common cardiomyopathy

Answer 25

dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 26

what type of mutation is associated with dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 26

autosomal dominant

Question 27

causes of dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 27

ABCCCD, HSP ``` alcohol abuse beri beri (wet) chagas cocaine coxsackie a/b myocarditis doxorubicin hemochromotosis sarcoidosis pregnancy (late) ```

Question 28

type of hypertrophy seen in dilated cardiomypoathy

Answer 28

eccentric | sarcomeres added in series

Question 29

what extra heart sound is heard with dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 29

S3

Question 30

what extra heart sound is heard with hypertrophic cardiomoypoathy?

Answer 30

s4

Question 31

most common cause of death in freidrich's ataxia

Answer 31

HOCM

Question 32

beta-myosin heavy chain mutation

Answer 32

hocm

Question 33

classic histology finding in hOCM

Answer 33

myofibrillar disarray and fibrosis

Question 34

low voltage EKG with diminshed QRS amplitude

Answer 34

restrictive cardiomyopathy

Question 35

most common cause of bacterial endocarditis in IVDA

Answer 35

``` staph aureus (less common, psuedomonas, candida) ```

Question 36

bacterial endocarditis associated with prosthetic valves

Answer 36

staph epidermidis

Question 37

bacterial endocarditis associated with people with underlying colorectal carcinoma

Answer 37

strep bovis

Question 38

most common overall bacterial cause for bacterial endocarditis

Answer 38

strep viridans

Question 39

culture negative bacterial endocarditis organisms

Answer 39

``` HACEK haemophilus actinobacillus cardiobacterium eikenella kingella ```

Question 40

PSGN can occur after

Answer 40

strep pharyngitis OR strep impetigo

Question 41

rheumatic fever can occur after

Answer 41

strep pharyngitis ONLY

Question 42

mechanism of acute rheumatic fever?

Answer 42

molecular mimicry between bacterial m proteins and proteins found in human tissue

Question 43

histology of myocarditis in acute rheumatic fever

Answer 43

aschoff bodies = giant cells with fibrinoid material with anitschkow cells inside (slender wavy nuclei)

Question 44

aschoff bodies = giant cells with fibrinoid material with anitschkow cells inside (slender wavy nuclei)

Answer 44

acute rheumatic fever

Question 45

fish mouth appearance of valves

Answer 45

chronic rheumatic fever

Question 46

heart problems in acute vs. chronic rheumatic fever

Answer 46

``` acute = regurgitation chronic = stenosis (fusion of commissures) ```

Question 47

hyperdynamic circulation occurs in what abnormality

Answer 47

aortic regurgitation

Question 48

whats pulsus paradoxus

Answer 48

decrease of BP by > 10 mmhg upon inspiration | seen in cardiac tamponade

Question 49

becks triad

Answer 49

1) hypotension 2) distant heart sounds 3) jvd cardiac tamponade

Question 50

most common primary cardiac tumor in children

Answer 50

rhabdomyoma (tuberous sclerosis) | seen in venricle

Question 51

most common location of cardiac myxoma

Answer 51

atria- usually LA

Question 52

Whats the most common cardiac tumor

Answer 52

metastasis, usually from: breast, lung, melanoma, lymphoma

Question 53

diastolic tumor plop sound

Answer 53

cardiac myxoma

Question 54

cardiac tumor with gelatinous appearance and abundant ground tissue on histology

Answer 54

myxoma

Question 55

difference between bacillary angiomatosis and kaposi sarcoma

Answer 55

``` bacillary = neutrophillic infiltrate kaposi = lymphocytic infiltratie ```

Question 56

pvc exposure predisposes to

Answer 56

angiosarcoma

Question 57

arsenic exposure predisposes to

Answer 57

angiosarcoma

Question 58

radiation cancer treatment MOA

Answer 58

double stranded DNA breaks and formation of oxygen free radicals

Question 59

anaphylactic response to transfused blood products

Answer 59

selective immunoglobulin deficiency

Question 60

where is the area postrema of the brain

Answer 60

dorsal medulla (midbrain) below pons and in the back of the brainstem

Question 61

postauricular lymphadenopathy

Answer 61

rubella (togavirus) - german measles

Question 62

persistent lymphedema with chronic dilatation of lymphatic channels predisposes to what cancer

Answer 62

lymphangiosarcoma

Question 63

cancer that may arise 10 years after radical mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection with breast cancer

Answer 63

lymphangiosarcoma

Question 64

cardiac tissue conduction fastest to slowest

Answer 64

Purkinje > atrial > ventricular > AV node

Question 65

what causes increase in insulin resistance in overweight individuals?

Answer 65

FFA and serum triglycerides