Veins And Beyond

Question 0

IVC is the main ______ ______.

Answer 0

Trunk vein

Question 1

What are the major veins?

Answer 1

IVC
Hepatic veins
Renal veins
Common iliac veins

Question 2

IVC empties into where?

Answer 2

The right atrium

Question 3

IVC courses to where?

Answer 3

The right of the aorta

Question 4

The IVC is posterior to what organs?

Answer 4

Duodenum and pancreas

Question 5

What does the IVC do?

Answer 5

Returns all of the blood from the legs and some of the abdominal organs back to the heart

Question 6

What kind of vein is the IVC?

Answer 6

A large collapsible vein

Question 7

Is the IVC pressure higher or lower than the aorta?

Answer 7

Lower pressure

Question 8

The IVC has what kind of look to it when scanning longitudinally?

Answer 8

It hammocks

Question 9

What are the 6 retroperitoneum tributaries of the IVC?

Answer 9

Common iliac veins Lumbar veins
Gonadal veins Renal veins
Suprarenal veins Hepatic veins

Question 10

The IVC longitudinally appears as a…

Answer 10

Tubular structure to the right of the aorta

Question 11

The IVC transversely appears like a…

Answer 11

Oval structure

Question 12

How do the IVC walls differ from the aorta?

Answer 12

IVC walls are thinner

Question 13

What varies the diameter of the IVC?

Answer 13

Breathing

Question 14

Inspiration does what to the IVC?

Answer 14

Increase the diameter

Question 15

Expiration does what to the IVC?

Answer 15

Decreases the diameter

Question 16

What is valsalva?

Answer 16

When a patient bears down, as if having a bowl movement, to cause dilation

Question 17

What is the diameter of a normal IVC?

Answer 17

Less than 2.0 cm

Question 18

What symptoms would occur that would indicate to scan the IVC?

Answer 18

Abdominal pain
Palpable mass
F/U filter placement - history of DVT
History of renal tumor

Question 19

The IVC is affected by what side of the heart?

Answer 19

The right side

Question 20

IVC dilation could mean what 5 things?

Answer 20

Right ventricular heart failure
Congestive heart failure
Constrictive pericarditis
Tricuspid disease
Right heart obstructive tumor

Question 21

IVC obstructed with a tumor could mean what 3 things?

Answer 21

Distended vessel
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilm’s tumor (in children)

Question 22

Complete thrombosis of the IVC could be what 2 things?

Answer 22

Pulmonary emboli
Venous thrombosis

Life threatening

Question 23

What is surgically placed in the IVC if there is thrombosis?

Answer 23

A filter

Question 24

The IVC is affected by what other organs?

Answer 24

The liver and heart

Question 25

IVC dilated in the liver could mean what?

Answer 25

Heptomegaly Increased pressure Cirrhosis

Question 26

What would cause the IVC to be compressed?

Answer 26

Later stage of pregnancy - edema in legs/ankles Malignant retroperitoneal tumors Hepatic or pancreatic masses

Question 27

What symptom will pressure on the IVC cause?

Answer 27

Dizziness

Question 28

Hat are some congenital IVC abnormalities?

Answer 28

Double IVC | Interruption of the IVC

Question 29

Aorta verse IVC...

Answer 29

Aorta - not affected by valsalva, does not touch the liver, thicker more echogenic walls, cardiac plasticity, multiple anterior branches, no vessels posterior, high flow velocity, not compressable IVC - diameter affected by valsalva, touches liver, thin walls, respiratory phasicity, hepatica only anterior branch, RRA posterior to IVC, low flow velocity, compressable

Question 30

Renal veins drain what?

Answer 30

Kidneys, ureters, adrenals

Question 31

Right renal vein courses how?

Answer 31

Anterior to the IVC

Question 32

Left renal vein courses how?

Answer 32

Between the aorta and SMA

Question 33

What creates the "nutcracker" sign?

Answer 33

Left renal vein is anterior to the aorta and posterior to SMA

Question 34

How can the right renal vein best be seen?

Answer 34

Transverse anterior to renal artery

Question 35

How can the left renal vein best be seen?

Answer 35

Transverse anterior to the aorta and posterior to the SMA

Question 36

What pathology can occur in the renal veins?

Answer 36

Obstruction or thrombosis

Question 37

Hepatic veins are the ________ tributaries.

Answer 37

Largest

Question 38

What does the right hepatic vein drain and how does it divide the liver?

Answer 38

Drains the right lobe Divides right lobe of liver into anterior and posterior

Question 39

What does the left hepatic vein drain and how does it divide the liver?

Answer 39

Drains the left lobe Divides left lobe of liver into medial and lateral

Question 40

What does the middle hepatic vein drain and how does it divide the liver?

Answer 40

Drains the caudate lobe Divides liver into right and left lobes

Question 41

What does respiration a do to the hepatic veins?

Answer 41

Varies flow and diameters

Question 42

What happens to the hepatic veins as they get closer to the IVC?

Answer 42

Increase in size

Question 43

What sign can you see when finding the hepatic veins?

Answer 43

The "bunny" or "reindeer" sign

Question 44

What are the main veins of the hepatic-portal system?

Answer 44

SMV, IMV, splenic veins, portal veins

Question 45

What does the hepatic portal system drain?

Answer 45

The GI tract, spleen, pancreas, and gallbladder

Question 46

What does the hepatic portal system deliver blood to?

Answer 46

The liver

Question 47

Portal veins is formed where?

Answer 47

Posterior to the pancreas

Question 48

Portal vein is the union of what 2 veins?

Answer 48

Superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein

Question 49

The portal vein branches into what 2 veins?

Answer 49

The right and left portal veins

Question 50

The portal venous blood traverses what organ?

Answer 50

The liver

Question 51

The portal venous blood drains into where?

Answer 51

The IVC via the hepatic veins

Question 52

The main portal vein is ______ to the IVC.

Answer 52

Anterior

Question 53

The main portal vein enters where and splits into what?

Answer 53

Enters the liver at the porta hepatis and splits into the right and left branches

Question 54

The main portal vein drains what and send blood where?

Answer 54

Drains GI tract and sends blood to the liver for filtration

Question 55

Why is the portal vein special?

Answer 55

It delivers oxygen to the hepatocytes

Question 56

How is the main portal vein best seen when scanning?

Answer 56

Transversely as a tubular structure from pancreas head to liver

Question 57

What changes the main portal veins diameter?

Answer 57

Valsalva and respirstions

Question 58

What is the normal diameter of the main portal vein?

Answer 58

Less than 13 mm

Question 59

What makes up the portal triad?

Answer 59

Common bile duct, hepatic artery, portal vein "Mickey Mouse" sign

Question 60

What is the portal confluence?

Answer 60

Where the portal vein, splenic vein, and superior mesenteric vein come together

Question 61

Hepatic veins verse portal veins...

Answer 61

HV - thin walls, increases diameter closer to IVC, flow away from liver, drains cephalad towards diaphragm, triphasic flow PV - thick reflective walls, constant diameter, flow towards liver

Question 62

Problems with hepatic veins could mean what?

Answer 62

Chronic heart failure (right heart) Liver disease

Question 63

Problems with the portal veins could mean what?

Answer 63

Liver disease Portal hypertension

Question 64

Splenic veins originate from where?

Answer 64

At the splenic hilum

Question 65

Splenic veins course how?

Answer 65

Posterior to the pancreas

Question 66

The splenic vein joins what to form what?

Answer 66

Joins the superior mesenteric vein to for the main portal vein

Question 67

Splenic vein drains what?

Answer 67

The stomach, spleen, pancreas

Question 68

How can the splenic vein best be seen while scanning?

Answer 68

Transversely as a tubular structure posterior to the body and tail of pancreas

Question 69

How can the superior mesenteric vein best be seen while scanning?

Answer 69

Longitudinally as a tubular structure to the right of the superior mesenteric artery Transversely seen as a tubular structure

Question 70

Superior mesenteric vein originates from where?

Answer 70

The mesentery

Question 71

The superior mesenteric vein joins what?

Answer 71

The splenic vein posterior to the neck of the pancreas to form the main portal vein

Question 72

The superior mesenteric vein drains what?

Answer 72

The small intestine and proximal colon

Question 73

List 4 things about the gonadal veins...

Answer 73

Testicular and ovarian Left - empties into the left renal vein Right - empties into the IVC Not usually seen

Question 74

The inferior mesenteric vein arises from where?

Answer 74

The colon

Question 75

The inferior mesenteric vein ascends to where?

Answer 75

The left of the inferior mesenteric artery

Question 76

The inferior mesenteric vein joins what?

Answer 76

The splenic vein posterior to the body of the pancreas

Question 77

The inferior mesenteric vein drains what?

Answer 77

The distal colon

Question 78

Can you see the inferior mesenteric vein?

Answer 78

Not usually

Question 79

Explain arteries and veins above the umbilicus...

Answer 79

Arteries are posterior to veins

Question 80

Explain arteries and veins below the umbilicus...

Answer 80

The arteries are anterior to the veins