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Anatomy > Vertebral Column and spinal cord > Flashcards

Vertebral Column and spinal cord Flashcards

1
Q

Suboccipital triangle

A

Medial: rectus capitis posterior major muscle
Lateral: obliquus capitis superior muscle
Inferior: olbiquus capitis inferior muscle
Contains dorsal ramus of C1 spinal nerve

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2
Q

Craniovertebral joints

A

atlanto-occipital
atlanto-axial

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3
Q

Joints of articular processes

A

zygapophysial

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4
Q

Joints of vertebral bodies

A

uncovertebral
intervertebral

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5
Q

Intervertebral discs

A

Annulus fibrous
Nucleus Pulposus

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6
Q

Herniated Nucleus Pulposus

A

portion of nucelus pulposus is pushed through a weakened portion of the annulus fibrosis
Common at: L4-L5 and L5-S1 no PLL or ALL

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7
Q

Ligaments of the vertebral column

A

Ligamenta flava
Anterior Longitudinal ligament
Posterior longitudinal ligament

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8
Q

Ligamental flava

A

connect adjacent laminae of vertebrae
limits flexion

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9
Q

Anterior longitudinal ligament ALL

A

anterior bodies and IV discs from skull to sacrum
Prevents hyperextension

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10
Q

Posterior longitudinal ligament PLL

A

posterior bodies and IV discs from C2 to sacrum with spinal canal
Prevents hyperflexion

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11
Q

Parts of the vertebrae

A

Body of vertebrae
Pedicle
Tranverse process
Spinous process
Lamina
Vertebral foramen

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12
Q

Nuchal ligament

A

provides attachment site for cervical muscles
Resists flexion

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13
Q

Supraspinous ligament

A

connects tips of spinous processes
Limits hyperflexion

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14
Q

Interspinous ligament

A

connects adjacent spinous processes
Limits hyperflexion

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15
Q

Whiplash injury

A

a strain or muscle injury of the neck due to sudden hyperextension and possible hyperflexion as head rebounds
Possible stretching and tearing of ALL
Possible facet jumping or locking of cervical vertebrae due to arch dislocation

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16
Q

Epidural space

A

between dura mater and inner walls of vertebra
contains fat and blood vessels

17
Q

Dura mater

A

most external of the meninges
fuses with the epineurium that surrounds the spinal nerves

18
Q

Subdural space

A

Separates the dura mater from the arachnoid mater
potential space

19
Q

Spinal cord meninges
Superficial to deep

A

Epidural space
Dura mater
Subdural space
Aracnoid mater
Subarachnoid space - filled with CNF
Pia mater

20
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

located deep to the dura mater and subdural space

21
Q

Denticulate ligament

A

suspend and anchor the spinal cord laterally to the dura mater
holds the spinal cord in the arachnoid space

22
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

Real space
Filled with CSF

23
Q

Pia mater

A

Adheres directly to the spinal cord
Forms lateral extensions called denticulate ligaments

24
Q

Spinal cord nerves

A

31 pairs of spinal nerves
Cervical C1-C8 (8)
Thoracic T1-T12 (12)
Lumbar L1-L5 (5)
Sacral S1-S5 (5)
Coccygeal Co1 (1)

25
Q

Sclerotome resegmentation

A

8 cervical sclerotomes -> 7 cervical vertebrae and 8 cervical spinal nerve pairs

26
Q

Spina cord in cross section

A

Dorsal root of spinal nerve leads to the dorsal root ganglion leads to the spinal nerve (Sensory)
Ventral root of spinal nerve leads to the spinal nerve (motor only)
Spinal nerve is both motor and sensory
Nerves exit the spinal nerve with the dorsal ramus and the ventral ramus

27
Q

Dorsal (posterior) ramus

A

Both sensory and motor
Deep back
Erector spinae
carries sensory from the skin of the back

28
Q

Ventral (anterior) ramus

A

Both sensory and motor
Everything else - limbs, trunk, superficial back
carries sensory from the associated skin

29
Q

Dorsal root ganglion

A

contains cell body for sensory neurons

30
Q

Arterial supply

A

1 anterior spinal artery
2 posterior spinal artery
From the aorta, arteries segment off and even pass through the intervertebral foramina and divide into more branches

31
Q

Venous drainage

A

3 anterior and 3 posterior veins
Segmented veins allow for blood to drain into the intervertebral vein which drains to the vertebral veins in the neck and segmental veins in the trunk

32
Q

Termination of the spinal cord

A

Conus Medullaris
Cauda Equina
Filum Terminale

33
Q

Conus medullaris

A

Tapering inferior end of the spinal cord

34
Q

Cauda equina

A

Bundle of nerve roots running inferior to the spinal cord

35
Q

Filum terminale

A

thin strand of pia mater that helps anchor the conus medullaris to the coccyx

36
Q

Posterior superior iliac spine PSIS

A

creates a line that crosses L4 spinous processes at level of L4/L5 IV disc

37
Q

Lumbar puncture

A

Used to obtain CSF
Lumbar puncture enters the subarachnoid space
Go between L4 and L5

38
Q

Epidural

A

injection of anesthetic agent into the epidural space, where there is direct effect on the spinal nerve roots of the cauda equina
Enter at the epidural space (fat filled)
Go between L4 and L5

39
Q

Lacminectomy

A

option to relieve spinal stenosis
most common cause of narrowed vertebral column is bony outgrowths

Anatomy (8 decks)

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