Vertebral Foramen

Question 1

What is the typical outline/shape of the vertebral foramen at each region of the spinal column/vertebral column

Answer 1

Cervical-triangular
Thoracic-oval
Lumbar-triangular
Sacrum-triangular

Question 2

At what vertebral level will the spinal cord typically terminate

Answer 2

L1

Question 3

At what vertebral level will the dural sac typically terminate

Answer 3

S2

Question 4

What are the segmental arteries

Answer 4

the arteries whose branches supply the vertebra segment

Question 5

Identify all segmental arteries

Answer 5

Vertebral, ascending cervical, deep cervical, superior (highest intercostal)posterior intercostal, subcostal, lumbar, iliolumbar, lateral sacral and median (middle) sacral

Question 6

What are the segmental arteries of the cervical spine

Answer 6

Vertebral artery, ascending cervical artery, and the deep cervical artery

Question 7

What are the segmental arteries of the thoracic spine

Answer 7

the deep cervical artery, the superior (highest) costal artery the posterior costal artery and the subcostal artery

Question 8

What are the segmental arteries of the lumbar spine

Answer 8

the lumbar arteries, iliolumbar arteries, the median (middle sacral) and the lateral sacral

Question 9

What segmental levels are supplied by the vertebral artery

Answer 9

C1-C6

Question 10

Wha segmental levels are supplied by the ascending cervical artery

Answer 10

C1-C6

Question 11

What segmental levels are supplied by the deep cervical artery

Answer 11

C7-T1

Question 12

What segmental levels are supplied by the superior (highest) intercostal artery

Answer 12

T1, T2

Question 13

What segmental levels are supplied by the posterior intercostal artery

Answer 13

T3-T11

Question 14

What segmental levels are supplied by the subcostal artery

Answer 14

T12

Question 15

What segmental levels are supplied by the lumbar arteries

Answer 15

L1-L4

Question 16

What segmental levels are supplied by the Median (middle) sacral arteries

Answer 16

L5, S1-S5 and coccyx

Question 17

What segmental levels are supplied by the iliolumbar arteries

Answer 17

L5, S1-S5 and coccyx

Question 18

Which branches of the spinal artery supply the contents of the epidural space

Answer 18

osseous arteries, anterior canal artery, posterior spinal canal artery

Question 19

What arteries are observed in the epidural space near the posterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 19

anterior spinal canal artery and plexus

Question 20

what arteries are observed in the epidural space near the ligamentum flavum

Answer 20

Posterior spinal canal artery and plexus

Question 21

Which branches of the spinal artery supply the contents of the subarachnoid space

Answer 21

anterior radicular artery, posterior radicular artery, anterior medullary feeder artery, posterior medullary feeder artery

Question 22

Which vessel will supply the ventral/anterior nerve rootlet and nerve root ganglion

Answer 22

anterior radicular artery

Question 23

Which vessel will supply the posterior/dorsal nerve rootlet, nerve root and nerve ganglion

Answer 23

posterior radicular artery

Question 24

What is the name given to the artery that lies in front of the spinal cord along its length

Answer 24

anterior spinal artery

Question 25

The anterior spinal artery is a branch of which artery

Answer 25

the vertebral artery

Question 26

is the anterior spinal artery a, single continuous artery along the spinal cord

Answer 26

no

Question 27

As the anterior spinal artery continues along the spinal cord, which arteries unite along its length to give the appearance of a single continuous vessel

Answer 27

Anterior medullary feeder arteries

Question 28

The posterior spinal artery is a branch of which artery

Answer 28

posterior inferior cerebellar artery

Question 29

What is the position of the posterior spinal artery relative to the spinal cord

Answer 29

it lies in the posteriolateral sulcus along the spinal cord

Question 30

is the posterior spinal artery a single continuous artery along the spinal cord

Answer 30

no

Question 31

As the posterior spinal artery continues along the spinal cord, which arteries unite along its length to give the appearance of a single continuous vessel

Answer 31

posterior medullary feeder arteries

Question 32

What changes to the arterial vasa corona occur between C3 and C6

Answer 32

right and left anterior spinal arteries fuse to become a single median anterior spinal artery, the right and left posterior spinal arteries are unchanged and the 4 communicating arteries are reduced to 3 communicating arteries

Question 33

What arterial vasa corona branches supply gray matter and most of the spinal cord

Answer 33

ventral perforating arteries (central/sulcal)

Question 34

What intramedullary branches supply about one third of the spinal cord

Answer 34

pial perforating arteries

Question 35

What is the primary artery supplementing the arterial vasa corona

Answer 35

anterior medullary feeder arteries and posterior medullary feeder arteries

Question 36

What vessels drain the spinal cord

Answer 36

pial veins

Question 37

Which vessels will drain the venous vasa corona

Answer 37

anterior medullary veins, posterior medullary veins

Question 38

which vessels will drain the ventral/anterior nerve roots

Answer 38

anterior radicular veins

Question 39

which vessels will drain the dorsal/posterior nerve roots

Answer 39

posterior radicular veins

Question 40

what vessel will drain the dorsal/ posterior nerve root ganglion

Answer 40

posterior radicular veins

Question 41

What veins will lie in the subarachnoid space

Answer 41

pial veins, venous vasa corona, anterior longitudinal veins, posterior longitudinal veins, communicating veins, anterior medullary feeder veins, posterior medullary feeder veins, anterior radicular veins posterior radicular veins

Question 42

What veins are observed in the epidural space near the posterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 42

anterior internal vertebral venous plexus, basivertebral vein

Question 43

What veins are observed in the epidural space near the ligamentum flavum

Answer 43

posterior internal vertebral venous plexus

Question 44

What venous vessels are identified in the intervertebral foramen

Answer 44

intervertebral veins

Question 45

Identify the meninges of the spinal cord and the commonly accepted meaning of each

Answer 45

dura mater-tough mother arachnoid mater-spider mother pia mater-tender or delicate mother

Question 46

name and locate each space formed between the osseous vertebral foramen and the spinal cord

Answer 46

epidural space-between vertebral foramen and dura mater subdural space-between dura mater and arachnoid mater subarachnoid space-between arachnoid mater and pia mater

Question 47

What is the name given to the fluid within the epidural space

Answer 47

interstitial fluid

Question 48

What is the name given to the lateral extension of pia mater along the spinal cord

Answer 48

dentate (denticulate) ligaments

Question 49

What is the unique feature of veins along the spinal canal

Answer 49

they lack the bicuspid valve of typical veins