Victimology Flashcards
(14 cards)
what are the two types of victimology and who created them
Sandra Walklate
Positivist and Critical Victimology
what are the three features Miers argues Positivist victimology has
-identifying patterns of victimisation
-interpersonal crimes of violence
-how victims contribute to their own victimisation
give a positivist victimology theorist and study
Amir argues 1/5 rapes were victim precipitated
give 3 criticisms of positivist victimology
-ignores wider structural factors eg poverty
-victim blaming response
-ignores unaware victims eg of scams or environmental crimes
what are the two main features of critical victimology
-victimisation as a form of structural powerlessness
-states power to apply/ deny victim label / socially constructed victim
which theorists support critical victimology
Tombs and Whyte
what do tombs and Whyte argue
-state denies title of victim purposefully to conceal true extent and cause of victimisation and protect elite
evaluate critical victimology (1)
-disregards victims choice and free will
give 5 factors that contribute to likelihood of victimisation
-age (young)
-class (w/c)
-gender (men)
-ethnicity (minorities)
-repeat victimisation
explain why w/c are more likely be victims
-more likely to live in areas of deprivation which causes turn to crime
-cannot afford safety measures
what crimes are men more predisposed to be victims of
-violent crimes from strangers
-eg 70% homicide victims are men
what crimes are women more predisposed to be victims of
-domestic violence, sexual violence, stalking, harassment and rape
what did the British Crime Study find about repeat victimisation
-4% of the population are victims of 44% of crime
what is secondary victimisation
-victims are further victimised by the harsh treatment of the justice system
-eg rape victims
