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Victoria Flashcards

1
Q

In 1838, these people leased land in Yarra Valley and called the property “Yering”.

A

The Ryrie Brothers

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2
Q

What two grapes did the Ryrie Brothers plant?

A

Black Cluster of Hamburg (red)

Sweetwater (white)

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3
Q

Where did viticulture start in Victoria?

A

Yering Station

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4
Q

Why did the population in Victoria increase in the 1800s?

A

The discovery of gold at Balarat and Bendigo

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5
Q

What is Black Saturday?

A

huge fires in Victoria in 2009

173 deaths

state’s vineyards suffered a huge loss

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6
Q

When did phylloxera wipe out Victoria?

A

1877

Did not affect Yarra Valley until 2006

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7
Q

What were the factors that caused Victoria to struggle in the early 20th Century?

A

phylloxera

domestic temperance movement

World Wars

Depression

Competition from South Australia

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8
Q

What was the first modern winery in Victoria?

A

Wantirna Estate

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9
Q

What are the major geographic features of Victoria?

A

Great Dividing Range

Port Phillip Bay

South Ocean

Murray River

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10
Q

Overall climate of Victoria

A

Warmer as you go inland

Tempered by elevation in mountain ranges that run through the state

Coolest state overall

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11
Q

Zones of Victoria

A

Western Victoria

Central Victoria

Gippsland

North East Victoria

North West Victoria

Port Phillip

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12
Q

What are the GIs of Port Phillip Zone?

A

Macedon Ranges

Sunbury

Yarra Valley

Geelong

Mornington Peninsula

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13
Q

Climate of Port Phillip Bay

A

Mediterranean

Cooled by wind and proximity to water

Elevation (Macedon Ranges cooler than Bordeaux)

Ozone depletion has impact on the vines as they get too much sunlight

Strong southwesterlies/chilling winds from polar latitudes

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14
Q

What Region does Port Phillip Bay fall on the Winkler Scale?

A

Region I or II

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15
Q

What are the major geogrpahic features of Port Phillip Bay?

A

Port Phillip Bay

The Rip

-is the narrow waterway entrance connecting the Bass Strait to the bay of Port Phillip

Yarra River

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16
Q

What is the Rip?

A

a small channel 2 miles wide connects Port Phillip Bay with the Bass Straight and the Southern Ocean

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17
Q

What are the geographic features of the Yarra Valley?

A

Yarra River

Southern Ocean

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18
Q

What is the soil of the Yarra Valley?

A

north: well-drained grey loam with sand and clay
south: dep fertile, volcanic soils

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19
Q

What is the climate of the Yarra Valley?

A

warmer than Burgundy

cooler than Bordeaux

wet winters

fairly dry and relatively cool summers

moderate diurnal temperature variation

lengthy growing season

warmer in Lower Yarra (North)

cooler in Upper Yarra (South)

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20
Q

What is the “The Warbie”?

A

B380 - highway that goes through the valley

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21
Q

True or False The Yarra Valley is affected by drought more than any other region.

A

True

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22
Q

What are the main grapes of the Yarra Valley?

A

Chardonnay is most planted

Pinot Noir is second

Shiraz and Cabernet produced in a lighter style because cooler climate

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23
Q

What is the MV6 clone

A

Brought into Australia by James Busby in 1831 from Clos Vougeot

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24
Q

What other Pinot Noir clones are used in the Yarra Valley?

A

Dijon clones 667 and 777

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25
Q

Producers of Yarra Valley

A

Moet Chandon - est Domaine Chandon here

Yarra Yering - Dry Red No 2 is a Rhone Blend

Mac Forbes

Luke Lambert

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26
Q

To whom can we attribute the rebirth of the Yarra Valley?

A

Dr. Carrodus at Yarra Yering

Dr. Middelton at Mount Mary

Dr. McMahon at Seville Estate

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27
Q

What are the major geographic features of Mornington Peninsula GI?

A

Bass Strait

Southern Ocean

Port Phillip Bay

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28
Q

Soil of Mornington Peninsula

A

Variable

Moorooduc: sandier clay loam

Tuerong: sedimentary yellow duplex

Red Hill: volcanic

Merricks: brown duplex

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29
Q

Climate of Mornington Peninsula

A

Maritime

Cool yet variable

Breeze from Port Phillip Bay or Southern Ocean

Summers are mild

-mean temperatures are cooler than Burgundy

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30
Q

What determines the picking dates in Mornington Peninsula?

A

Winds, not elevation

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31
Q

What are the differences in climate between Red Hills and Moorooduc?

A

Red Hills - uphill and cooler

Moorooduc - downhill and warmer, some grapes harvested 3 weeks earlier

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32
Q

What are the grapes of Mornington Peninsula?

A

Pinot Noir (50%)

Chardonnay (25%)

Pinot Gris/Grigio (20%)

Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon

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33
Q

What are the geographical features of Geelong GI?

A

Port Phillip Bay

Southern Ocean

Bass Straight

Bellerine Peninsula

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34
Q

Climate of Geelong GI

A

Driest GI in Port Phillip

Spring frosts and wind

Maritime

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35
Q

Grapes of Geelong GI

A

Pinot Noir is main grape, Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon

Chardonnay, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc

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36
Q

What are the 3 unofficial subregions of Geelong GI?

A

Surf Coast/Otways

The Bellarine

Moorabool Valley

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37
Q

What are the geographic features of Sunbury GI?

A

Macedon Ranges

Port Phillip Bay

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38
Q

What is the climate of Sunbury GI?

A

Maritime

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39
Q

Grapes of Sunbury GI

A

Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon

Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon

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40
Q

Producer of Sunbury

A

Craiglee - makes very dry, savory and long-lived Syrahs

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41
Q

What are the geographic features of the Macedon Ranges

A

Macedon Ranges (Part of Great Dividing Range)

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42
Q

Elevation of Macedon Ranges

A

400-600 meters

highest vineyards on Port Phillip Zone

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43
Q

What GI is the coolest region in the Australia mainland?

A

Macedon Ranges GI

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44
Q

What grapes are grown in the Macedon Ranges?

A

Pinot Noir is the main grape, Cabernet Sauvignon

Chardonnay, Riesling

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45
Q

What style of wine is made in Macedon Ranges?

A

still and sparkling

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46
Q

Major producer of Macedon Ranges

A

Bindi

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47
Q

What are the GIs of Central Victoria?

A

Goulburn Valley GI

Strathboghe Ranges GI

Upper Goulburn GI

Bendigo GI

Heathcote GI

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48
Q

Climate of Bendigo and Heatcote GI

A

Bendigo is warmer than Heathcote

dry, warm, continental

Heathcote has variation in elevation because of the ridgelines of Mt. Camel

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49
Q

Grapes of Bendigo GI

A

Shiraz, Cabernet, Merlot

Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc

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50
Q

What are the geographical features of Heathcote GI?

A

Mt Camel Range

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51
Q

soil of Heathcote GI

A

Greenstone

  • red Cambria soil volcanic rich in copper and calcium on the Eastside
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52
Q

What are the Grapes of Heathcote GI?

A

known for rich and juicy Shiraz

Sangiovese Cabernet and Merlot

Chardonnay and riesling

53
Q

Major Producer of Heathcote

A

Jasper Hill

54
Q

What is a major geographical feature of Goulburn Valley GI?

A

Goulburn River

55
Q

What is the soil in Goulburn Valley GI?

A

alluvial, sandy soils deposited along the river where half a hectare of Tahbik’s ungrafted vines live (Tahbik produces one of its best bottles of Shiraz from this plot)

56
Q

What is the climate of Goulburn Valley GI?

A

warm/continental

57
Q

What are the grapes in Goulburn Valley GI?

A

Shiraz is the main grape Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot

Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Marsanne

58
Q

What is the subregion of Goulburn Valley GI?

A

Nagambie Lakes GI

59
Q

What is the climate of Nagambie Lakes GI?

A

it is a complex of inland lakes and lagoons that helps to moderate the warm and continental climate

shortage of water

60
Q

What are the grapes of Nagambie Lakes GI?

A

Rhone varietals

Marsanne is important here

61
Q

Who has some of the oldest Marsanne vines the the world in Nagambie Lakes GI?

A

Tahbilk

62
Q

What is a major geographical feature of Strathbogie Ranges GI?

A

Strathbogie Ranges

63
Q

Climate of Strathbogie Ranges GI

A

turns cooler here compared to Goulburn Valley higher elevation - up to 600 meters

64
Q

Grapes of Strathbogie Ranges GI

A

Pinot Noir, Merlot, Shiraz

Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling

65
Q

Name a producer that grows Pinot Noir and Chardonnay in Strathbogie Ranges GI for sparkling wine.

A

Domaine Chandon

66
Q

What are the major geographic features of the Upper Goulburn GI?

A

Goulburn River

Lake Eildon

Great Dividing Range

67
Q

Climate of Upper Goulburn GI

A

higher elevations, cooler

68
Q

Grapes of Upper Goulburn GI

A

Pinot Noir, Merlot, Shiraz

Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc

69
Q

What are the GIs of North East Victoria?

A

Rutherglen GI

Glenrowan GI

Beechworth GI

King Valley GI

Alpine Valleys GI

70
Q

What are the major Geographical features of Rutherglen GI?

A

Murray River

Victorian Alps

71
Q

Soil of Rutherglen GI

A

“Rutherglen”: loam

  • fortified styles

“Black Dog”: fine sandy loam

72
Q

Climate of Rutherglen

A

warm and continental

long, dry, late summers, diurnal swing and dry autumns are the key to stickies

73
Q

What is passerillage?

A

exposure of cut bunches of grapes to the sun in order to increase the concentration of sugar prior to winemaking

74
Q

What are the grapes of Rutherglen?

A

Shiraz, brown muscat (muscat rouge a Petit Grains), Durif

Muscadelle, chardonnay, marsanne

75
Q

Where is Durif native to?

A

souther France (Rhone), probably a crossing of Syrah with Peloursin

76
Q

Why did Rutherglen shift to fortified wine making?

A

phylloxera

Great Depression

UK exports dried up

77
Q

What are the styles of fortified wine in Rutherglen?

A

Muscat

Topaque

Tawny

78
Q

How is Muscat and Topaque made?

A

short fermentation on the skins

consumes 20-40 g/l sugar over 1-2 days

pressed and fortified with neutral grain spirit added at a ratio of 1-4

matures for years in barrels as wine evaporates 5% goes to angel’s share

this results in a greater concentration of sugar, acid and alcohol in the remaining wine

some producers us the solera system

79
Q

What are the barrel sizes that Muscat and Topaque are aged in?

A

225 liter barrique

300 liter hogshead

500 liter puncheons (sometimes)

large oval casks (sometimes)

80
Q

List a few producers of Muscat

A

All Saints

Campbell

Rutherglen Estate

81
Q

What did Topaque used to be called?

A

Tokaj

82
Q

What are the differences between Muscat and Topaque?

A

Topaque is lighter in color than Muscat because white grapes are used vs red grapes

topaque has 30-40 g/l of residual sugar less than muscat wines in the same category

Topaque is less intense and has more acidity than Muscat

83
Q

What is Apera?

A

Australian Sherry

84
Q

What is the Muscat of Rutherglen Network

A

established in 1995

developed a voluntary self-regulating four-tier classification system for Muscat and Topaque based on taste profile

85
Q

What is the 4 -tier classification system of Rutherglen Muscat?

A

Rutherglen Muscat average 3-5 years rs 180-240 g/l rs

Classic average 6-10 years 200-280 g/l rs

Grand average 11-19 years rs 270-400 g/l rs

Rare Minimimum 20+ years of age rs 270-400 g/l rs

86
Q

What are the major geographic features of Glenrowan GI?

A

Warby Range

Lake Mokan

87
Q

climate of Glenrowan GI

A

warm and continental

88
Q

Grapes of Glenrowan GI

A

shiraz, cabernet sauvignon, durif

muscadelle, muscat a petit grains (both used for fortified)

89
Q

What is a major geographic feature of Alpine Valleys GI?

A

Victorian Alps

90
Q

What is the climate of Alpine Valley GI, Beechworth GI and King Valley GI?

A

cooler than Rutherglen and Glenrowan

higher elevation

higher rainfall

91
Q

What is the elevation of Alpine Valley GI?

A

180-600m

92
Q

Grapes of Alpine Valley GI?

A

Pinot Noir/Merlot

Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Pinot Gris

Italian Grape Varieties

93
Q

What the major geographic feature of Beechworth GI?

A

Victorian Alps

94
Q

What are the grapes of Beechworth GI?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Noir, Shiraz, Merlot, Gamay

Chardonnay, Viognier

Italian Grape Varieties

95
Q

Who makes a Shiraz/Viognier blend in Beechworth GI?

A

Castagna

96
Q

Who makes a Gamay in Beechworth?

A

Sorrenberg

97
Q

What are the Geographic Features of King Valley GI?

A

King River

Oxley Plains

Victorian Alps

98
Q

Grapes of King Valley GI?

A

Pinot Noir, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon Chardonnay, Pinot Gris, Sauvignon Blanc

Italian Grape Varieties

99
Q

A lot of Chardonnay and Pinot Noir in King Valley GI is used for what?

A

sparkling wine

100
Q

What is the Northern most part of King Valley GI?

A

Wangaratta

101
Q

What is the difference in elevation between Wangaratta and Rutherglen?

A

Wangaratta is 700 meters higher in elevation (only 23 miles from Rutherglen)

102
Q

Who makes a sparkling wine from Chardonnay and Pinot Noir from King Valley GI called ‘Patricia’?

A

Brown Brothers

103
Q

What are the GIs of North West Victoria?

A

Murray Darling GI

Swan Hill GI

104
Q

What are the GIs of the Western Victoria Zone?

A

Pyrenees

Grampians

Henty

105
Q

What is the climate of Grampians GI?

A

high elevation (440 meters)

Tempers the climate

cool and arid (good for sparkling)

106
Q

What are the grapes of Grampians GI?

A

Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir

107
Q

What style of Shiraz comes from Grampians?

A

elegant and refined

108
Q

What is the sub-region of Grampians GI?

A

Great Western GI

109
Q

Who made Great Western GI famous?

A

Seppelt’s “Champagne”

110
Q

Grampains GI has a reputation for what style of wine?

A

sparkling

111
Q

Who is Joseph Best?

A

Founded Great Western Winery

112
Q

Who is Charles Pierlot?

A

French winemaker who made Australia’s first ever sparkling wine at Great Western Winery in 1890.

113
Q

What is a major geographical feature of Pyrenees GI?

A

Pyrenees Range (one of the last ranges within the Great Dividing Range)

114
Q

Climate of Pyrenees GI

A

warmer except sometimes at night.

115
Q

Grapes of Pyrenees GI

A

Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir Chardonnay

116
Q

A richer style wine comes from Pyrenees GI or Grampains GI?

A

Pyrenees GI

117
Q

What is a major geographical feature of Henty GI?

A

Southern Ocean

118
Q

Climate of Henty GI

A

cool, maritime, marginal in the south

119
Q

Grapes of Henty GI

A

Pinot Noir

Chardonnay, Riesling, Pinot Gris

120
Q

Who pioneered the Henty GI region?

A

Seppelt

121
Q

True or False. Gippsland is a zone and a region

A

True

122
Q

What zone in Victoria has no GIs?

A

Gippsland

123
Q

Why does Gippsland have no GIs?

A

It is not big enough only 240 acres under vines

a crush of 600 tonnes total - law requires at least a crush of 500 tonnes to be a GI

124
Q

what are the major geographical features of Gippsland?

A

Bass Straight

Southern Ocean

Great Dividing Range

125
Q

Grapes of Gippsland.

A

Pinot Noir, Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon

Chardonnay (most planted)

126
Q

What are the three unofficial subzones of Gippsland?

A

South Gippsland

East Gippsland

West Gippsland

127
Q

Who makes great Pinot Noir in Gippsland

A

Bass Philips

128
Q

Climate of Gippsland

A

South Gippsland - cooler, maritime

129
Q

Where does Thablik produce wine in Australia?

A

Nagambie Lakes GI in Goulburn Valley, Victoria

W Australia (7 decks)

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