Virology 1.2

Question 1

what determines what the virus will do?

Answer 1

identity, location and function of receptors and attachment factors. they promote entry of virus.

Question 2

attachment factors

Answer 2

less specific and don’t do anything to the virus.

Question 3

co-receptors

Answer 3

subsequent receptors with which the virus interacts with.

Question 4

virus entry steps

Answer 4

1. binding via receptors, co-receptros and attachment factors.2. signaling conformational changes, fusion or internalization.3. transport to endosomes4. release from endosome via cues such as low pH(penetration)5. transport to cytosol or nucleus where uncaring of nuclide acid occurs.

Question 5

Receptors

Answer 5

induce conformational changes in the glycoprotein of the virus envelope. can trigger fusion or other steps necessary for entry.can signal enhancement of viral entry and infectionco-receptors can cause second changesproteoglycans help concentrate visions on cell surface and increase efficiency

Question 6

non-enveloped viruses

Answer 6

use non-spike glycoprotein structures to bind receptorsadenovirus fiber is bound by the CAR receptorpoliovirus receptor buries itself in the “canyon” of the capsid.

Question 7

HPV entry

Answer 7

Actin surfing

Question 8

Endocytocis

Answer 8

used for virus entryallows for free ride to nucleusdoesn’t leave tracesallows flexibilityuses cells signals like low pH and proteases to facilitate release and uncaringcan also trigger macropinocytosis

Question 9

how does the virus exit endosome?

Answer 9

fuse with membrane and released into sitenon-enveloped viruses can penetrate vesicle membrane

Question 10

how do viruses release genomic material in the right place?

Answer 10

look up**

Question 11

what are some obstacles a virus needs to overcome?

Answer 11

choose polymerase, where to replicate genome, how to transcribe genome to make mRNA, how to generate protein in the right proportions at the right time.

Question 12

DNA viruses

Answer 12

need to use RNA pol to make mRNA

Question 13

dsDNA viruses

Answer 13

can either use cellular DNA pol or make their own

Question 14

ssDNA viruses

Answer 14

have to first replicate using cellular DNA pol

Question 15

Poxviruses that replicate in cytoplasm

Answer 15

bring and make their own RNA pol and other enzymes.

Question 16

+ strand viuses

Answer 16

can make protein directly from genome wich acts as mRNA

Question 17

• strand viruses

Answer 17

must make their own RNA-dependent RNA pol to make mRNA

Question 18

Retroviruses

Answer 18

must reverse transcribe their RNA and use cellular RNA pol

Question 19

Herpesvirus

Answer 19

both latent and lytic cycles of replicationlatent- exists as a circle in the nucleus and is replicated passively by host DNA machinery. IMPORTANT for drug sensitivity!!!reactivated- linear genomes are produced by a rolling dice mechanism.