Hepatitis
fecal-oral transmission
HAV
HEV
Hepatitis
parenteral, sexual, maternal-fetal transmission
HBV
HDV
Hepatitis
primarily blood transmission
HCV
IVDU, post-transfusion
signs/symptoms of all hepatitis viruses
- fever
- jaundice
- increased ALT & AST
RNA picornavirus
HAV
DNA hepadnavirus
HBV
RNA flavivirus
HCV
RNA delta virus
HDV
RNA hepevirus
HEV
3 A’s of HAV
- Asymptomatic
- Acute
- Alone (no carriers)
4 C’s of HCV
- Chronic
- Cirrhosis
- Carcinoma
- Carrier
2 D’s of HDV
- Defective virus
- Dependent on HBV
- superinfection decreases prognosis
3 E’s of HEV
- Enteric
- Expectant mothers
- Epidemic
Anti-HAV (IgM)
IgM antibody to HAV
best test to detect active hepatitis A
Anti-HAV (IgG)
- IgG antibody indicates prior HAV infection and/or prior vaccination
- protects against reinfection
HBsAg
antigen found on surface of HBV
indicates hepatitis B infection
Anti-HBs
Antibody to HBsAg
indicates immunity to hepatitis B
HBcAg
antigen associated w/ core of HBV
Anti-HBc
- antibody to HBcAg
- IgM = acute/recent infection
- IgG = prior exposure or chronic infection
- positive during window period
HBeAg
indicates active viral replication
high transmissibility
Anti-HBe
antibody to HBeAg
low transmissibility
3 structural genes of HIV
- env
- gp120 = attachment to host CD4+ T-cell
- gp41 = fusion & entry
- gag (p24) - capsid protein
- pol - reverse transcriptase, aspartate protease, integrase
HIV virus binds ______ (early) or _____ (late) co-receptor & CD4 on T-cells.
Binds ____ & CD4 on macrophages.
CCR5
CXCR4
CCR5
HIV
- homozygous CCR5 mutation
- heterozygous CCR5 mutation
- homozygous CCR5 mutation = immunity
- heterozygous CCR5 mutation = slower course
4 stages of untreated HIV infection
- Flu-like (acute)
- Feeling fine (latent)
- Falling count
- Final crisis
systemic diseases of HIV+ adults
*Histoplasma capsulatum *
- low-grade fevers
- cough
- hepatosplenomegaly
- tongue ulcer
dermatologic diseases of HIV+ adults
- Fluffy white cottage cheese lesions
- C. albicans
- Hairy leukoplakia
- EBV
- Superficial vascular proliferation
- Bartonella henselae
gastrointestinal diseases of HIV+ adults
- chronic, watery diarrhea
- Cryptosporidium spp.
neurologic diseases of HIV+ adults
- Abscesses
- Toxoplasma gondii
- Dementia
- HIV-associated
- Encephalopathy
- JC virus reactivation
- Meningitis
- Cryptococcus neoformans
- Retinitis
- CMV
oncologic disease of HIV+ adults
- Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (large cell)
- EBV
- Primary CNS lymphoma
- EBV
- SCC
- HPV
- Superficial neoplastic proliferation of vasculature
- HHV-8
respiratory disease of HIV+ adults
- Interstitial pneumonia
- CMV
- Invasive aspergillosis
- Aspergillus fumigatus
- Pneumocystis pneumonia
- PCP
- Pneumonia
- S. pneumoniae
- TB-like disease
- Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare