Symbiotic are
living together
Obligate symbiotic
Need host
Mutualism
both are necessary and relation is positive for both
Commensalism
Good for one no problem for the other
Parasitism
One takes advantage of the other
What is balanced pathogenicity
Damage with recovery
What is unbalanced pathogenicity
High damage or death
Infection
Invasion and multiplication of micro organisms
Disease (3)
Structural and functional damage
Clinical or subclinical
Opportunistic
What is adhesion
Binding to surface of host’s cell
How can adhesion be done
Flagella
Pili/ Fimbrae
Flagella (5)
Listeria monocyte Not in all bacteria Helps with motility H-antigens Mainly in Gran negative bacteria
What types of antigens have flagella
H antigens
Composition of flagella
Flagellin
Pilli helps with
Adhesion
What type of antigens have Pili
F antigens
EC Invasion
Thrombosis, local use of nutrients
Can cause an immunological reaction
Facultative IC Invasion
Cell Lysis
Obligate IC invasion
Cell lysis
What are the virulence factors involved in invasion
Capsule
Proteins that circumvent innate immunity
Iron uptake
Production of EC enzymes
What type of EC enzymes are involved with invasion (6)
Hyaluronidases Collagenases Fibrinolysins Coagulases Hemolysins Leucocidins
T or F
Capsule is present in ALL bacteria
False
Virulence factor of capsule (5)
Colonization Invasion Adhesion Protection Capsular antigens (K-Antigens)
Exotoxins are
Bacterial metabolites
Proteins with general high molecular weight
Example of bacterial metabolites of exotoxins
Clostridium
Anatoxins are
Chemical treats toxins like formalin
Types 1 exotoxins (2)
Bind receptor
Disturbance of cell metabolism
Examples of Type 1 exotoxins (3)
STA of ETEC
Clostridium Perfringens
Staphylococci and Streptococci
Type 2 exotoxins
Cell wall damage
Examples of type 2 exotoxin (2)
Staphylococcus aerus (alpha toxin) Actinobacillus pleuropneumae (APX toxins) (pore forming)
Type 3 exotoxins (3)
IC toxins
A component- goes IC
B component- Binds to membrane
Endotoxins (5) (Is and what causes)
Cell wall components Gram negative Cause tissue damage cardiovascular shock Death
T or F
LPS is Heat stable
TRUE
Functions of LPS
Protection against toxin products and complement
Toxin cell wall is what type of stain
GRAM POSITIVE
Components of the toxin cell wall (3)
Lipotenoic Acid
Liporabinomannan (Mycobacteria) (LAM)
Peptidoglycan
What is the general sickness of the toxin cell wall
Fever
But causes tissue damage, cardiovascular shock, and death
Hageman factor is
Intravascular coagulation
Secretion systems (3)
Porin
Injection System
Membrane Vesicles
Membrane vesicles are
Spheric structures
Membrane vesicles contain (4)
Enzymes
Exotoxins
DNA (transformation)
Signal Molecules
Roles of membrane vesicles (7)
Pathogenicity Signaling excretion of toxic products Killing of competitors Immunomodulation Excretion of bacterial toxics Transformation
Composition of Biofilm
Polysaccharides
Protein
DNA
Endocarditis is
Bacterial persistence
Biofilm can cause
Local damage
Reduced susceptibility to antibiotics
Role of lipoproteins-porins of the outer membrane
Pathogenicity
- Adhesion
- Iron uptake
When does the iron uptake occurs
In first line of defense
Serum
Transferrin
Mucosae
Lactoderm
Virulence factors and innate immunity (4)
No complement activation
No lysis of bacterium
Inhibition of the complement mediated inflammation
IC multiplication
Phagocytes are
Macrophages
Neutrophils
Cellular mechanisms of Innate IS (2)
Phagocytes
NK cells
Virulence factors against phagocytes
EC bacteria
Biofilm
Facultative IC
What are attenuated vaccines
With living organisms
What are the vaccines without any living organisms
DNA Vaccines
Vaccines based on antigens
Toxoid
Inactivated exotoxin
Vaccines based on antigens
Toxoid
Bacterins
Subunit vaccines
Bacterins
inactivated complete bacterium
What are the subunit vaccines
Fimbrae, surface antigens
Isolated fro; bacterium or recombinant
Examples of attenuated vaccines
BCG vaccine (TB)
Bordetella bronchioseptica
E. coli
Attenuated vaccines (5)
Not so frequent against bacteria Both cellular and humoral immunity One vaccination Fast induction Vectors vaccines
T or F
For attenuated vaccines, several vaccines have to be administered
FALSE
only one
Vector vaccines (2)
use attenuated salmonella
Expression of immunogen epitope
Attenuation
Serial passages in vitro
Genetic manipulation
Vaccines based on antigens
Needs more than one administration
Safe
Mainly produced of antibodies
Toxoid of vaccines based of antigens
Exotoxin and formol
Recombinant
Bacterins of vaccines based of antigens
Complete bacterium
Bacterium isolated from diseased animals and inactivation
Subunits of vaccines based of antigens
Fimbrae
Iron capture system
Transferrin binding proteins