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Biology 11 > Virus and Bacteria > Flashcards

Virus and Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

What protein case encases the genetic material of a virus?

A

Capsid

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2
Q

What is a double stranded genetic material that is contained in some viruses?

A

DNA

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3
Q

What is a single stranded genetic material that is present in some viruses?

A

RNA

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4
Q

What is the pathway in which a virus lies dormant within a cell for a period of time before beginning its reproductive cycle?

A

Lysogenic cycle

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5
Q

What is the cycle of viral replication in which this causes the host cell to burst open? (in a short time)

A

Lytic cycle

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6
Q

What is a virus that can no longer contains it’s genetic material?

A

Viroids

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7
Q

What is a virus that attacks bacteria?

A

Bacteriophage

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8
Q

What is an injection given to produce immunity to a viral/deadly disease?

A

Vaccine

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9
Q

Which cells allow the body to react faster to an infection if it has been exposed to the pathogen more than once?

A

Antibody

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10
Q

What is an Organism that causes disease? (could be virus or bacteria or parasite)

A

Pathogen

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11
Q

Viruses are considered non-living because they cannot ____________ without the help of a host cell …

A

Reproduce

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12
Q

What is a virus with RNA as its genetic material?

A

Retrovirus

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13
Q

Compared to bacteria, viruses are much _____________________ in size

A

Smaller

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14
Q

What is a host cell that has viral genetic material incorporated into it’s DNA?

A

Prophage

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15
Q

What is a type of cell that does not have a nucleus or organelles?

A

Prokaryote

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16
Q

What are the smallest and most common microorganisms?

A

Bacteria

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17
Q

Of the two bacterial kingdoms, which is the kingdom that is more closely related to eukaryotes?

A

Eubacteria

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18
Q

What are the most ancient organisms and live in harsh environments?

A

Archaebacteria

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19
Q

What is a Bacteria cell walls that contain peptidoglycan? (gram positive & it stains this colour)

A

Purple

20
Q

What gram negative cells stain this colour?

A

Pink

21
Q

What is Peptidoglycan that can be found in this structure in Eubacteria?

A

The Cell Wall

22
Q

What part of the cell responsible for controlling what enters and exits the bacterium/cell?

A

Cell membrane

23
Q

What is some bacterium that are propelled/move with this structure?

A

Flagella

24
Q

What is a random change in DNA of bacteria?

A

A Mutation

25
Q

What is a bacteria that can survive with or without oxygen?

A

Facultative anaerobes

26
Q

Bacteria plays a major role in the “fixation”

What of this gas can form into usable by plants?

A

Nitrogen

27
Q

What is spiral-shaped bacteria is called?

A

Spirilla

28
Q

What is Rod-Shaped bacteria is called?

A

Bacilli

29
Q

What is Spherical bacteria is called?

A

Cocci

30
Q

What bacteria is used organic chemicals for their energy source and organic compounds for their Carbon Source?

A

Chemo Heterothroph

31
Q

What bacteria uses light for their energy source and use CO2 for their carbon source?

A

Photoautotroph

32
Q

What must live in the presence of oxygen to live?

A

Obligate Aerobes

33
Q

What bacteria must live in the absence of oxygen?

A

Obligate Anaerobes

34
Q

_____ compounds are used by chemoautotrophs for a source of energy

A

Inorganic

35
Q

What is the process of producing energy without the use of oxygen? (It’s how alcohol is produced for various drinks)

A

Fermentation

36
Q

What enables bacteria to exchange genetic information through the production of a cytoplasmic bridge?

A

Conjugati

37
Q

What small circular piece of DNA is transferred during conjunction?

A

Plasmid

38
Q

Asexual reproduction of bacteria: what the daughter cells produced are equal in size to …

A

Binary Fission

39
Q

What is formed to allow a bacteria to survive in harsh conditions and that can grow and reproduce when conditions become for favourable?

A

Endospore

40
Q

What is used to treat bacterial infections?

A

Antibiotics

41
Q

What is the simplest way preventive measure to avoid diseases?

A

Disinfectant

42
Q

What is something that kills microorganisms that are on the skin or living tissue?

A

Antiseptic

43
Q

What is best used to kill bacteria on non-living surfaces?

A

Disinfectant

44
Q

What are bacterial strains/where antibiotics are used too frequently and no longer effective?

A

Antibiotic Resistance

45
Q

Compared to viruses bacteria are much ______ in size

A

Larger

Biology 11 (2 decks)

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