Vision | Accessory Structures

Question 1

What are the palpebrae and what is their function

Answer 1

Eyelids; keep foreign objects out of the eye

Question 2

Palpebral fissure

Answer 2

Space between the two eyelids

Question 3

Canthi

Answer 3

Corners of the eye

Question 4

Caruncle

Answer 4

The pinkish mound in the canthi that holds sebaceous sweat glands

Question 5

What are the 5 layers of the eyelid?

Answer 5

1) Skin
2) Aerolar connective tissue
3) Muscle
4) Tarsal Plate
5) Palpebral conjunctiva

Question 6

What is the tarsal plate?

Answer 6

A dense layer of connective tissue. It helps maintain the shape of the eyelid

Question 7

What are the two muscles in the eyelid?

Answer 7

Orbicularis Oculi > closes the eyelid

Levator palpebrae > opens the eyelid

Question 8

Ciliary glands

Answer 8

Lubricate eyelashes

Question 9

Sty

Answer 9

inflammation of the ciliary glands

Question 10

Meibomian glands

Answer 10

A sebaceous gland that produces sebum

Question 11

Sebum

Answer 11

What lubricates eyelids and keeps tears in the eye

Question 12

Chalazion

Answer 12

An infection of the meibomian glands

Question 13

Conjunctiva

Answer 13

The mucous membrane in eyelids and exposed part of the eye that lubricates the eye

Question 14

Palpebral conjunctiva

Answer 14

Conjunctiva on inner surface of eyelids

Question 15

Bulbar conjunctiva

Answer 15

Conjunctiva on anterior white surface of the eye

Question 16

Conjunctive fornices

Answer 16

Where palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva meet

Question 17

Conjunctivitis

Answer 17

Inflammation of conjunctiva

Question 18

Lacrimal gland

Answer 18

Located on the side above the eye, it produces tears

Question 19

What are tears made of?

Answer 19

Mostly water, some salts, mucous, and a bacteria-killing enzyme

Question 20

What are the three lacrimal structures on the inside of the eye?

Answer 20

Lacrimal caniliculi (two small ducts that connect to Lacrimal duct)
Lacrimal duct
Nasolacrimal duct

Question 21

What are the 6 extrinsic eye muscles?

Answer 21

Superior Rectus
Inferior Rectus
Lateral Rectus
Medial Rectus
Superior Oblique
Inferior Oblique

Question 22

H-Test

Answer 22

Clinical test for normal eye movement. If a person can follow the “H” their eye movement is normal.

Question 23

What are the 3 Tunics (Layers) of the eye?

Answer 23

Fibrous Tunic
Vascular Tunic
Nervous Tunic

Question 24

What structures does the Fibrous tunic contain?

Answer 24

The sclera

The cornea

Question 25

What structures does the Vascualr Tunic contain?

Answer 25

Choroid Ciliary body Iris

Question 26

What structure does the nervous Tunic contain?

Answer 26

Retina

Question 27

What is the sclera and what does it do?

Answer 27

White, outerlayer of eye. | Maintains the shape of the ye, and is an attachment point for eye muscles

Question 28

What is the cornea and what does it do?

Answer 28

Avascular, transparent structure that allows light to enter the eyes Fun fact - it was the first organ transplant since it's avascular Cornea injuries can make the cornea become opaque and light can't pass through

Question 29

What is the choroid and what does it do?

Answer 29

It's a thin membrane inside the vascular tunic

Question 30

IRis

Answer 30

the colored part of the eye

Question 31

Pupil

Answer 31

Where light enters the eye

Question 32

What are the two intrinsic eye muscles?

Answer 32

Sphincter pupillae Dilator pupillae These are smooth muscles that regular the amount of light going in to the eye

Question 33

What are the 3 chambers of the eye?

Answer 33

Anterior Chamber Posterior Chamber Vitreous Chamber

Question 34

Anterior chamber location

Answer 34

Between cornea and iris

Question 35

Posterior chamber location

Answer 35

between iris and lense

Question 36

Vitreos chamber location

Answer 36

Surrounded by Retina

Question 37

What is the Aqueous Humor and what does it do?

Answer 37

Ther Fluid that fills the anterior and posterior chamber. Maintains pressure to keep eye inflated - refracts light provides nutrition for structures in the anterior chamber

Question 38

Scelral venous sinus

Answer 38

The structure that circulates aqueous humor

Question 39

How does a person get glaucoma?

Answer 39

Lack of aqueous humor circulation

Question 40

Lens

Answer 40

An odd biological structure that is transparent and biconvex with Crystalline proteins and covered by a capsule

Question 41

Which Tunic is the retina located in the eye?

Answer 41

The nervous tunic

Question 42

What is the macula?

Answer 42

The small yellow spot in the retina

Question 43

What si the Fovea centralis and what does it do?

Answer 43

It's in the center of the macula. It is where light is most focused when looking at an object

Question 44

Optic disk

Answer 44

A light spot in the retina where there are lots of blood vessels and where the optic nerve exits the eye Contains no photoreceptors, and so it is known as the blind spot of the eye.

Question 45

What are 3 conditions you can diagnose with an ophthalmoscope?

Answer 45

Hypertension Papilledema (increased CSF - cerebrospinal fluid) Cataracts

Question 46

Ciliary Muscles

Answer 46

smooth muscles that control the shape of the lens

Question 47

Ciliary Process

Answer 47

Responsible for circulation of aqueous humor