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vitale 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the purpose of fasciae?

A

fasciae allow each muscle to contract independently

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2
Q

position of the superficial fascia

A

underneath the skin and adipose tissue

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3
Q

position of the superficial veins in respect to the superficial fascia

A

can be external to the superficial fascia (still under the skin and adipose tissue) or internal (they can perforate the superficial fascia)

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4
Q

deep veins position respect to the deep fascia

A

deep to the deep fascia

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5
Q

types of veins in the hand

A

dorsal and palmar finger and metacarpal veins

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6
Q

the veins in the hand drain into?

A

cephalic vein (radial side, lateral hand circulation)
basilic vein (ulnar side, medial hand circulation)

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7
Q

where is the antecubital fossa?

A

in the anterior portion of the elbow

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8
Q

name of the vein oblique in the antecubital fossa

A

median cubital vein
very used for punctures
drains into the basilic vein

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9
Q

in between which 2 muscles we have the cephalic vein?

A

the cephalic vein runs lateral in the antecubital fossa and in the arm
it is in between the pectorals major and the deltoid (they create a groove)

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10
Q

at which point does the basilic vein disappears?

A

it reaches a bit beyond the cubital area and then pierces and disappears under the superficial fascia of the arm becoming deeper

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11
Q

which one between basilic and cephalic vein drain directly into the axillary vein? where does the other one drain?

A

the cephalic vein drains directly into the axillary vein
the basilic drains into the brachial first

basilic-> brachial-> axillary, ->subclavian

cephalic->axillary
->subclavian

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12
Q

from superficial to deep on the first rib

A

subclavian vein
tendon insertion of the anterior scalene muscle
subclavian artery

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13
Q

celiac circulation

A

bring blood to the organs that are above the mesocholic fold

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14
Q

mesenteric circulation

A

bring blood to the organs that are below the mesocholic fold

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15
Q

the inferior vena cava is formed by the convergence of

A

the two common iliac veins

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16
Q

at which thoracic vertebra the thoracic aorta becomes abdominal aorta?

A

at T12
right below the diaphragm

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17
Q

at which point in the vertebral column the abdominal aorta branches into common iliac arteries?

A

at L4

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18
Q

unpaired collaterals of the abdominal aorta, 3 arteries

A

celiac trunk (T12)
superior mesenteric (L1)
inferior mesenteric (L3)
originate from the anterior portion of the aorta

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19
Q

paired lateral collaterals of the abdominal aorta

A

originate from the lateral side
renal arteries (L1)
gonadal arteries (L2)
adrenal arteries(L1)

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20
Q

paired posterolateral collaterals

A

inferior phrenic (T12)
Subcostal (L2)
Lumbar (L1-L4)

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21
Q

mesentery

A

peritoneal fold that attaches the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall

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22
Q

what do we have in the concavity of the duodenum which is (C shaped)?

A

the head of the pancreas

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23
Q

transverse mesocolon

A

peritoneal fold that keeps the transverse colon attached to the posterior wall of the abdomen

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24
Q

abdominal cavity divided in 2 regions by the transverse mesocolon

A

supramesocolic region (above)
inframesocolic region (below)

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25
3 retroperitoneal organs
kidneys, pancreas, suprarenal glands
26
which artery vascularizes the supramesocolic region?
the celiac trunk
27
which arteries vascularizes the inframesocolic region?
superior mesenteric inferior mesenteric artery
28
which circulation vascularizes the pancreas?
the celiac circulation
29
organs in the supramesocholic region and in the inframesocholic region are?
intraperitoneal organs
30
why do we have 3 unpaired collaterals of the abdominal aorta?
because 3 are the primitive embryological portions of the primitive digestive tube foregut midgut hindgut
31
the organs that derive from the foregut are vascularized by?
the celiac trunk
32
the organs that derive from the midgut are vascularized by?
superior mesenteric artery
33
the organs that derive from the hindgut are vascularized by?
inferior mesenteric artery
34
the inferior phrenic arteries vascularize?
inferior aspect of the diaphragm
35
branches of the celiac trunk
on the right common hepatic artery for the liver on the left splenic artery for the spleen one more or less in the center left gastric artery for the stomach
36
what are the arteries that vascularize the abdominal wall?
subcostal arteries paired posteror branches of the abdominal aorta (L2)
37
when does the external iliac artery become femoral artery?
when it passers under the inguinal ligament
38
the inferior epigastric artery is a branch of?
the external iliac artery
39
the superior epigastric artery is a branch of?
the internal thoracic artery which is a branch of the subclavian artery
40
the inferior epigastric artery anastomoses with?
the superior epigastric artery
41
the medial portion of the mammary gland is vascularized by?
the internal thoracic artery
42
the inferior vena cava and the aorta, how are positioned?
the inferior vena cava lays on the right side of the abdominal aorta
43
the mesenteric veins and the splenic vein don't drain into the inferior vena cava but instead?
they merge to form the hepatic portal vein
44
superior mesenteric artery vascularizes?
the small intestine (except proximal duodenum), the ascending colon, the cecum, the appendix and the first half (right part) of the transverse colony AND UNCINATE PROCESS OF PANCREAS
45
inferior mesenteric artery vascularizes?
the left descending colon, the other half (left part) of the transverse colon, the sigmoid colon, the superior portion of the rectum and the splenic flexure.
46
the left gastric artery is a branch of?
direct branch of celiac trunk
47
the right gastric artery is a branch of?
Hepatic artery proper
48
where do the left and right gastric artery anastomose?
in the lesser curvature of the stomach
49
2 important branches of the common hepatic artery
gastroduodenal artery right gastric artery
50
after giving off the two important branches, the common hepatic artery goes inside the liver and becomes?
hepatic artery proper
51
the left gastro-omental artery is a branch of?
the splenic artery
52
the right gastro omental artery is a branch of?
the gastroduodenal artery
53
the greater curvature of the stomach is vascularized by?
right and left gastro omental artery that anastomose
54
branches of the gastroduodenal artery
1. right gastro omental artery 2. superior posterior pancreatico duodenal artery 3. superior anterior pancreatico duodenal artery 5. retroduodenal arteries 6. supraduodenal arteries
55
the body and the tail of the pancreas are vascularized by?
branches of splenic artery
56
the head of the pancreas vascularization is dependent on?
the duodenal vascularization. duodenopancreatic artery gives branches to the duodenum and to the head of the pancreas
57
abdominal esophageal arteries are branches of?
the inferior phrenic arteries (T12)
58
Hepatic cirrhosis: consequence in the esophagus
in the esophagus we have a submucosal venous plexus that drain into the portal vein. if the portal vein can't accept blood due to cirrhosis, veins in the esophagus enlarge due to the increased blood pressure and can easily rupture: hematemesis, patient vomiting blood.
59
what ensures durable blood supply to the intestines?
superior and inferior mesenteric arteries have collaterals that form arcades ensuring uninterrupted blood supply to these regions
60
the bend between the ascending colon and the transverse colon is called?
hepatic flexure vascularized by superior mesenteric artery
61
the bend between the transverse colon and the descending colon is called?
splenic flexure vascularized by inferior mesenteric artery

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