Vitamins + Minerals Flashcards by Nia Wallace

Name the 2 ways in which Vitamins are categorized

Water-soluble
Fat-soluble

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Name the 2 types of Water-soluble Vitamins

Vitamin B
Vitamin C

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Name the 4 types of Fat-soluble Vitamins

Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin K

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What’s the difference between Water-soluble + Fat-soluble vitamins?

Water-soluble vitamins are found in food + supplements + are dissolved in water.

Fat-soluble vitamins are found in high-fat foods and similar to oil + do not dissolve in water.

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What is the name given to Vitamin A?

Retinol

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How many vitamin B’s are in the Vitamin B Complex?

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Name all 8 vitamins in the Vitamin B complex

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What is the name given to B1?

Thiamine

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What is the name given to B2?

Riboflavin

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What is the name given to B3?

Niacin

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What is the name given to B5?

Pantothenic acid

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What is the name given to B6?

Pyridoxine

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What is the name given to B7?

Biotin

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What is the name given to B9?

Folic acid

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What is the name given to B12?

Cobalamin

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What is the name given to Vitamin C?

Ascorbic acid

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What are the 4 main functions of the Vitamin B complex?

Plays a role in many (biochemical) enzyme reactions in the metabolism
Helps maintain nervous system
Maintain blood cell production in bone marrow
Important in normal cardiovascular functions

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What is the specific function of Vitamins B1, B2 + B3?

Play a huge role in digestion!

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Name the 8 sources of Vitamin B

Fish
Most muscle meat
Organ meat
Eggs
Legumes
Pulses
Nuts
Seeds

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What is another way in which B2 is produced in Dogs + Cats?

Bacteria in the intestine of Dogs + Cats

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What are the 4 Vitamin B’s which can (rarely) cause:
* Nausea
* V+
* Nerve damage
If fed in excess?

B1(Thiamine)
B3 (Niacin)
B5 (Pantothenic acid)
B6 (Pyridoxine)

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What can an excess of Vitamins B2, B7, B9 + B12 cause?

Trick question!

Did you fall for it?

No problems can occur! As excess is filtered out through the Glomeruli of the kidney + excreted in urination!

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What Vitamins can cause the following deficiencies?
* Dermatitis
* Skin lesions
* Slow wound healing
* Anaemia
* Lethargy, fatigue
* V+ + nausea
* Mouth ulceration
* Poor coat condition
* GI upset
* Loss of appeitie

The Vitamin B complex!

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What are the 5 functions of vitamin C?

Hold cells together through collagen synthesis
Aids in bone + tooth formation
Wound healing
Strengthens blood vessel walls
Functioning of immune system

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What can an excess of Ascorbic acid cause?

Nothing - as it is water soluble!

Name 2 main sources of Ascorbic acid

1. All fruit (especially Citrus) 2. All veg (especially Potatoes, Green leafy veg)

What Vitamin causes the following - if - there is a deficency? * Struggle to stand (due to bone + joint pain) * Susceptability to infection * Delayed wound healing * Anorexia * Muscle/joint pain * Haemorrhaging * Scurvy..

Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)!

Name the Fat-soluble Vitamins

1. A 2. D 3. E 4. K

Name the 4 functions of Retinol

1. Essential for night vision - used within the eye to adapt to changes in light 2. Regulation of the immune system 3. Appetite 4. Maintainance of skin + coat

Name 4 sources of Vitamin A?

1. Dark leafy greens 2. Carrots 3. Fish liver oil 4. Liver

What vitamin deficiencies leads to these issues? * Poor skin + coat condition * Night blindness * Bone + Teeth abnormalities * Weakened immunity

Vitamin A

Name the 4 consequences of Hypervitaminosis A

1. Abnormal bone formation 2. Bone fusion (Particularly of the spine) 3. Skin changes 4. Joint problems

What is the name given to the state of excess Vitamin A?

Hypervitaminosis A

What species is Hypervitaminosis A commonly seen with + Why?

* Normally seen in Cats * Because some clients/owners may feed exccessive amounts of liver in their diet

True or False. Cats can synthesis Vitamin A.

False. They are unable to so must recieve dietary supplementation.

What vitamin can Cats not naturally synthesise?

Vitamin A/Retinol

What is the dietary precursor for Vitamin A?

Carotene

Where is pre-formed Vitamin A naturally found?

* Meats! * Because most animals naturally synthesis Vitamin A from the precursor Carotene

Apart from the requirement of Taurine, making Cats Obligate Carnivores, name the other dietary requirement that confirms this?

The need for Vitamin A, which they cannot synthesize!

Which vitamin influences Calcium + Phosphorous absorption in the GI tract? A) Vitamin A B) Vitamin C C) Vitamin D D) Vitamin E

C) Vit D

What mineral if given in excess, is associated with FLUTD?

Magnesium

What mineral if found in excess can be seen as a result of Kidney Failure?

Potassium

What 3 conditions can Calcium deficiency cause?

1. Rickets 2. Osteomalaciia 3. Eclampsia

What mineral is required for: * Health bones + teeth * Normal functioning fo heart, skeletal muscle + nervous tissue * Na + K metabolism * Enzyme reactionis with energy metabolism

Magnesium

What can a deficiencies in Magnesium cause?

* Convulsions * Muscular weakness (if severe)

What mineral is rarely seen to be in excess of within the body?

Sodium

What mineral is found in: * Seafood * Nuts * Legumes * Green leafy vegetables

Copper

What mineral deficiency is this? I result in... * Poor growth * Skin lesions * Anorexia * Poor coat condition * Testicular atrophy * Emaciation

Zinc

True or False. Zinc is relatively non-toxic if seen in excess

True

What mineral deficiency am I? I result in.. * Anaemia * Poor growth * De-pigmentation of hair * Potential infertility

Copper

Name 6 sources of **Potassium** in the diet

1. Peas 2. Lentils 3. Dried beans 4. Peanuts 5. Milk 6. Lean meat

Where can **K** be found in the body?

1. High concentrations within the cells 2. In nerve transmission 3. Fluid 4. In muscle metabolism

Where can Copper **accumilate** in the body if given in excess?

In the Liver

What may cause **anaemia** if given in excess, due to its **competition with Iron for the absorption sites within the intestine**?

Copper!

What 3 breeds are most susceptable to **Copper toxicity**?

1. Bedlington terriers 2. WHWTs 3. Dobermanns

What breed has a high **inherited** susceptability to Copper toxicity in particular, causing Hepatitis + Cirrhosis?

Bedlington terriers

What mineral if given in excess leads to anorexia + weight loss in dogs?

Iron

What is **Zinc** involved in within the body?

1. Immune system + Electrolyte balance 2. Maintaining healthy coat + skin 3. Production, storage + secretion of hormones 4. Cell replication + differentiation 5. In enzymes related to carbohydrate + protein metabolism

What are the 3 main functions of **Copper** in the body?

1. Formation + activity of RBCs 2. Co-factor in many enzyme systems 3. Role in normal pigmentation of skin + hair

What mineral, if deficient results in: * Anaemia * Weakness * Fatigue

Iron

What is **Iron**'s role within the body?

1. Essential component of o2 2. Carrying pigment for blood (haemaglobin) + muscle (myoglobin) 3. Component of many enzymes, involved in cell respiration

What mineral can be found in... * Animal products * Marine products * Rock salt?

Sodium!

What is the role of **Sodium** within the body?

1. Acid-base balance 2. Osmotic regulation of body fluids 3. Transmission of nerve impulses 4. Absorption of sugars + AAs from the digestive tract

What can a deficiency of **Sodium** cause?

1. Dehydration (due to decreased osmotic pressure, resulting in fluid not being retained by the body) 2. Poor growth 3. Dry skin 4. Hair loss 5. Decreased utilisation of digested proteins + energy

What mineral in **Rats** has been known to cause the following issues? * Eye lesions * Reproductive distrubances * Death

Sodium

Where can the **main sources** of Phosphorus be found in the diet?

1. Milk 2. Eggs 3. Meat 4. Vegetables

What are the 7 main functions of the mineral **Phosphorus** within the body?

1. Structure of bones + teeth 2. Present as phospholipids within the cell membranes 3. Component of many enzymes 4. Vital role in energy metabolism (Storage + transfer of energy) 5. Involved in nearlty all metabolic processes

# 4 conditions... What can a high level of Ca + P in the diet or a high ratio of either cause in the body?

1. Hip dysplasia 2. Osteochondrosis syndrome 3. Wobbler's syndrome 4. Enostosis

What is the syndrome called, caused by an exccess of Ca + P that results in the **abnormal growth of cartilage**, resulting in **a sequelea** + causes **lameness**?

Osteochondrosis syndrome

What is the condition called, caused by an exccess of Ca + P that results in a **bony growth within a bone cavity** or an **internal surface** of the bone **cortex**?

Enostosis

What is the syndrome called, caused by an exccess of Ca + P that results in compreession of the spinal cord in the neck, due to vertebral malformation, malarticulation + instability, resulting in ataxia? And can be seen in 2 species... what are these?

1. Wobbler's syndrome 2. Horses + Dogs (Great Danes + Dobermanns)

What condition if caused by a deficiency of Ca + found in **young growing** animals, causing **mishapen bones**, **enlargement of the joints** + **lameness** and **stiffness**?

Rickets

What condition if caused by a deficiency of Ca + found in **adult** animals, resulting in the **weakening** and **breakage** of **bones**?

Osteomalacia

What condition if caused by a deficiency of Ca + can cause **low circulating** Ca **levels** in the **blood** **shortly before or after birth**, resulting in **muscular spasms**, **paralysis**, **unconsciousness** + **death**?

Eclampsia Otherwise known as, Hypocalcaemia!

What is the other name given to Hypocalcaemia?

Eclampsia

What mineral deficiency can cause; * Rickets * Osteomalacia * Develop Pica * Have a detrimental effect on fertility * Cause poor growth in young animals ## Footnote Pica foods can be - wood, bones, rags etc

Phosphorus!

What are the dietary sources of Calcium?

* Green leafy vegetables * Legumes * Bone meal * Fish meal

Vitamins + Minerals Flashcards

(78 cards)