Vitamins / Minerals

Question 1

vitamins

Answer 1

organic compounds needed to support metabolism. do NOT supply energy. C skeleton source. Essential except for D, K and A.

Question 2

Fat soluble Vitamins

Answer 2

A, K, E, D

Question 3

Water soluble vitamins

Answer 3

C and B complex

Question 4

Vit. A forms and functions

Answer 4

Retinol and Carotenes. 
Fxns: 
vision
derm: epithelial health, mucus production, antibacterial and anti inflammatory 
transcription: regulates
Growth, devpt, reproduction

Question 5

sources of vit. A

Answer 5

animal fats, green and orange veggies

Question 6

Vit. A deficiency (most prominent vit. deficiency in the world)

Answer 6

Nyctalopia: night blindness due to role in phototransduction
Xerophthalmia and keratomalacia: dryness of tissues due to epithelial health role
complete blindness

Question 7

Vit. D (D3) cholecalciferol fxns

Answer 7

maintenance of blood Ca levels.

fxns w/ PTH to increase: absoprtion from small intestine, renal absorbption and liberation from bone by osteoclasts.

Question 8

sources of vit. D

Answer 8

fatty fish and forified diary products

Question 9

Vit. D deficiency

Answer 9

Decreased bone mineralization
Rickets in children - enlarged head, rib cage, pelvis, joints, leg deformity,
Osteomalacia in adults - weakened bones, deformity, fxs
Poor muscle tone, restlessness and irritability

Question 10

Vit. E (tocopherol) fxns and sources

Answer 10

Fxn: antioxidant: radical scavenger, protects cell membranes and lipids, plays role in eye and neuro fxns, inhibits platlet coag.

Question 11

Vit. E Deficiency / toxicity

Answer 11

def: rare, possible anema
tox: associated risk of vit. K def. and decreased clotting/slow wound healing

Question 12

Vit. K fxn

Answer 12

carboxylation of glu residues (Gla) which is involved in Ca binding, blood coagulation, bone metabolism and vascular biology.

Question 13

Vit. K drug intercation

Answer 13

can reverse anticog activity of Warfarin

Question 14

Vit. K def.

Answer 14

decrased coag. anemia. bleeing bruising etc.

Question 15

water soluable vitamins

Answer 15

dissolve in water; (C and B) b comples are cofactors and enzymes for energy production

Question 16

B1 fxn

Answer 16

thaimine.

Es: TPP = coenzyme in energy provision

Question 17

B1 deficiencies

Answer 17

thiamine
Beri Beri: neuro and cardio disease
optic neuropathy: vision loss 
aclocholic brain dieses
wernickes encephalopathy: most freuqent
Korsakoff's syndrome:

Question 18

B2

Answer 18

riboflavin

Question 19

B2 deficencies

Answer 19

riboflavin

dermatitis - stomatis, cheilosis, normochromic mornocytic anema

Question 20

B3

Answer 20

niacin

NAD and NADP

Question 21

B3 deficiency

Answer 21

niacin

pellagra: 3Ds diarrhea, dermatitis and dementia

Question 22

B3 toxicyti

Answer 22

niacin

hyperglycemia, vasodilation leading to flushin, gout

Question 23

B5

Answer 23

pantothenic acid

CoA synthesis

vague deficiency

Question 24

B6

Answer 24

pyroxidine

GABA

deficency: skin, ulceration, neuro

Question 25

B7

Answer 25

biotin Def: britlle fingernails, hair loss, conjuctivities, dermatitis

Question 26

B9

Answer 26

folate DNA synthesis

Question 27

B9 def.

Answer 27

folate megaloblastic anemia neural tube defects

Question 28

B12

Answer 28

cyanocobalamin def: pernicious anemia

Question 29

choline def

Answer 29

fatty liver and hemorrhagic kidney necrosis

Question 30

vit. c

Answer 30

ascorbic acid - cofactor in seceral collagen synthesis rxns

Question 31

vit. c def.

Answer 31

scurvy - limey

Question 32

minerals

Answer 32

naturally occurring inorganic substances required in small amounts for normal body functions • Typically ionic

Question 33

Sodium

Answer 33

major cation in ECF

Question 34

chloride

Answer 34

principal anion in ECF def: vom/dia, alkaloiss, cramps

Question 35

potassium

Answer 35

principal IC cation

Question 36

Ca

Answer 36

most abundant cation in body | def: osteopenia, porosis, tetany, decreased growth

Question 37

phosphorus

Answer 37

in bone salts

Question 38

magnesium

Answer 38

in bones; rare def.

Question 39

iron

Answer 39

in Hgb; def: anemia, pallor, high HR

Question 40

iodine

Answer 40

for thyroid hormone | def: hypothyroid, cretinism, goiter

Question 41

copper

Answer 41

synthesis of hgn malanin and mylin excess: wilson's, kayser-fleischer rings

Question 42

zinc

Answer 42

taste and smell

Question 43

fluoride

Answer 43

bones/teeth | excess: mottling, weakening

Question 44

selenium

Answer 44

antioxidant

Question 45

chromium

Answer 45

enhances fxn of insulin;